Email Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Email Messages - Essay Example In accordance with this, an association will require email behavior to guarantee demonstrable skill, productivity and assurance from risk, for example, exorbitant claims because of awful language (Swinton). There are a couple of rules of how to compose a decent business email. As a matter of first importance utilize a language that is authentic so the two gatherings comprehend the message conveyed. The message you are attempting to pass on is compact and directly to the point. This assists with staying away from time wastage for the peruser. While composing guarantee appropriate spelling, sentence structure and accentuation, abstain from writing in capitals and experience the message to recognize botches before sending it. It is a great idea to consistently incorporate the subject of your correspondence with the goal that the beneficiary effectively recognizes what's in store in the message. Continuously utilize a neighborly tone, be close to home however formal (Swinton). While answering to business messages ensure that you are quick, answer all inquiries posed by the client. Abstain from sending connections except if solicited by the beneficiary from the email. Try not to forget about the email string when composing as it shows the past message which you are answering to. Try not to utilize extravagant textual styles in your composing except if conveying illustrations (Appleman 20-40). These are the fundamental issues that one ought to consider in all business messages so as to encourage great comprehension and trust between organizations or a customer and an association. Swinton, Lyndsay. 10 Tips for composing business messages that say the best thing regarding you. 2010. The board For The Rest of Us. 27 September 2011

Diphtheria (corynebacterium Diphtheriae) :: essays research papers

Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) Corynebacteria are Gram-positive, vigorous, nonmotile, bar molded microscopic organisms identified with the Actinomycetes. They don't frame spores or branch as do the actinomycetes, however they have the quality of framing unpredictable formed, club-molded or V-formed courses of action in typical development. They experience snapping developments soon after cell division which brings them into trademark courses of action taking after Chinese letters. The variety Corynebacterium comprises of a various gathering of microscopic organisms including creature and plant pathogens, just as saprophytes. A few corynebacteria are part of the typical verdure of people, finding an appropriate specialty in essentially every anatomic site. The most popular and most broadly considered species is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causal operator of the infection diphtheria. History and Background No bacterial malady of people has been as effectively concentrated as diphtheria. The etiology, method of transmission, pathogenic system and sub-atomic premise of exotoxin structure, capacity, and activity have been unmistakably settled. Therefore, exceptionally compelling strategies for treatment and counteraction of diphtheria have been created. The investigation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae follows intently the improvement of clinical microbiology, immunology and sub-atomic science. Numerous commitments to these fields, just as to our comprehension of host-bacterial communications, have been made examining diphtheria and the diphtheria poison. Hippocrates gave the principal clinical depiction of diphtheria in the fourth century B.C. There are additionally references to the illness in old Syria and Egypt. In the seventeenth century, lethal pandemics of diphtheria cleared Europe; in Spain "El garatillo" (the strangler"), in Italy and Sicily, "the neck disease". In the eighteenth century, the sickness arrived at the American states and came to pandemic extents in 1735. Regularly, entire families kicked the bucket of the infection in a couple weeks. The bacterium that caused diphtheria was first portrayed by Klebs in 1883, and was developed by Loeffler in 1884, who applied Koch's proposes and appropriately distinguished Corynebacterium diphtheriae as the specialist of the sickness. In 1884, Loeffler inferred that C. diphtheriae delivered a dissolvable poison, and along these lines gave the main depiction of a bacterial exotoxin. In 1888, Roux and Yersin showed the nearness of the poison in the sans cell culture liquid of C. diphtheriae which, when infused into appropriate lab creatures, caused the fundamental indication of diphtheria. After two years, von Behring and Kitasato prevailing with regards to vaccinating guinea pigs with a warmth lessened type of the poison and exhibited that the sera of vaccinated creatures contained a neutralizing agent fit for securing other defenseless creatures against the ailment. This adjusted poison was appropriate for inoculating creatures to acquire neutralizing agent yet was found to cause serious neighborhood responses in people and couldn't be utilized as an immunization. In 1909, Theobald Smith, in the U.S., exhibited that diphtheria poison

Gatsby

Gatsby-life story Essay Dreaming The Impossible Dream:An personal depiction of F. Scott Fitzgerald as Jay Gatsby, in The Great GatsbyFrances Scott Key Fitzgerald, conceived September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, is considered today to be one of the genuine incredible American authors. In spite of the fact that he carried on with an actual existence loaded up with liquor abuse, misery, and lost-love, he figured out how to make a definitive romantic tale and appeared to pinpoint the American Dream in his exemplary novel, The Great Gatsby. In the novel, Jay Gatsby is simply the exemplification of the made man, wherein he directs as long as he can remember to ascending the social stepping stool so as to pick up riches, to eventually win over a lady: something that ends up being out of reach. For reasons unknown, Gatsbys exorbitant luxury and love of cash, blended in with his fixation for a womans love, is really the personal depiction of Fitzgerald. While going to Princeton University, Fitzgerald battled hugely with his evaluations and invested the vast majority of his energy taking into account his social needs. He turned out to be very engaged with the Princeton Triangle Club, an undergrad club which composed and created a vivacious melodic satire each fall, and performed it during the Christmas get-away in twelve significant urban areas the nation over. Fitzgerald was additionally chosen for Cottage, which was one of the enormous four clubs at Princeton. Its sumptuous end of the week parties in amazing environmental factors, which pulled in young ladies from New York, Philadelphia and past, may well have given the main grain of motivation for Fitzgeralds depiction of Jay Gatsbys spectacular gatherings on Long Island (Meyers, 27). In spite of the fact that Fitzgerald was an outgoing person while at Princeton, he never had any lady friends. Be that as it may, at a Christmas move in St. Paul, MN during his sophomore year, he met Ginevra King, a modern sixteen-year-old who was visiting her flat mate, and promptly went gaga for her.Although Scott adored Ginevra to the point of fixation, she was too self-ingested to take note. Their uneven sentiment persevered for the following two years. Fitzgerald would send many letters, however Ginevra, who believed them to be cunning yet immaterial, obliterated them in 1917. The next year, Ginevra sent Scott a letter that reported her union with a maritime ensign. Not long before Fitzgerald was to meet with Ginevra following a twenty-year nonattendance, he broadcasted to his little girl, with blended sentiments of disappointment and wistfulness: She was the primary young lady I at any point adored and have dependably abstained from seeing her up to this second to keep the dece ption great, since she wound up by tossing me over with the most incomparable fatigue and lack of interest (Meyers, 30). Albeit grief stricken at that point, Fitzgerald responded to Yeats significant inquiry Does the creative mind abide the most/Upon a lady lost or a lady won? by utilizing his lost love as inventive motivation. For in his 1925 perfect work of art, The Great Gatsby, he reproduced the slippery, unreachable Ginevra as the lovely and rich Daisy Fay Buchanan. All through the novel, Fitzgerald portrayed Daisy as a nearly bodiless voice which, Gatsby acknowledged toward the end, was loaded with cash. Fitzgerald composed, her face was tragic and flawless with splendid things in it, brilliant eyes and a splendid energetic mouth, however there was a fervor in her voice that men who had thought about her discovered hard to overlook (Fitzgerald, 14). It ought to be noticed that, Gatsbys capacity, similar to Fitzgeralds, to keep that hallucination flawless supports his self-tricky and eventually foolish mission, with the assistance of his own marvelous cash, to win Daisy again from her significant other (Meyers, 30). In spite of the fact that Ginevra King was Fitzgeralds first genuine romance, she surely was not his last. In July 1918, while positioned in Montgomery, Alabama with the military, Scott met a thoughtful, delicate voiced young lady named Zelda Sayre at a nation club move. Scott reviewed that night that, she let her long hair hang down free and wore a frilly dress that made her look more youthful than eighteen. She originated from a noticeable however not well off family and had recently moved on from Sidney Lanier High School (Meyers, 42). Intends To Tragic Ends (oedipus EssayJay Gatsby, similar to Fitzgerald, was interested by cash and power, and intrigued by marvelousness and excellence. In any case, the two of them realized that they would never completely have a place with this prosperous and secure world, and that the objective of joining this imprudent class was a deception. Fitzgeralds epic, shows what happens to individuals who seek after deceptive American dreams, and how society (which they have dismissed) neglects to support them in their edgy hour.The Great Gatsby exemplifies the disappointment of sentimental optimism. The saint accomplishes a lot, however he loses the individual characteristics that characterized him toward the start of the book and finishes, as he lived, basically alone (Meyers, 343). One of the predominant subjects of The Great Gatsby was definitely one of the overarching topics of Scott Fitzgeralds life. Jay Gatsby became love-blasted and in spite of dismissal, committed as long as he can remember to winning back that subtle love, ignoring everything en route that was good, regardless of acknowledging toward the end that arriving at his objective was unachievable. Scott Fitzgerald had a similar dream as Gatsby, for he longed to join the positions of the privileged and appropriately get the adoration that had gotten away from him. It was a tragic result, one of sadness and hopelessness. Regarding the topic, it is brought up that, in all fact. . . The Great Gatsby is tied in with something far expelled from (Gatsbys) legend and well known notoriety: it is tied in with needing preferred bread over can be made out of wheat and afterward finding each portion spoiled with rot, about the debasement underneath the sparkling surface, about the spirit of man in a general public twisted on disintegration (Priestly, 13). In Fitzgeralds portrayal of Jay Gatsby, he has boldly investigated and uncovered his own character, leaving us not a charming legend, however a distinctive record of self-assessment. Fitzgeralds portrayal of Gatsbys determined character and desire for riches and ladies was so genuine and realistic, that it must be communicated by somebody who had really persevered through such feelings.For in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald utilizes fiction to recount to his own story thinking about the prevalent and merciless characteristics of the rich and on the inconceivability of getting one of them (Meyers, 123). Works Cited hDaiches, David. Basic Approaches to Literature. Longmann, New York: David Daiches, 1981. hFitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. London: Penguin Books Ltd, 1970. hGuerin, Wilfred L. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1979. hMeyers, Jeffrey. Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1994. hPriestly, J.B.. The Bodley Head Scott Fitzgerald. London: The Bodley Head Ltd, 1958. BibliographyhDanziger, Marlies K. An Introduction to the Study of Literature. Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1961. hDiYanni, Robert. Writing fourth release. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill, 1998. hLevin, Harry. Fitzgerald the producers of present day writing. Norfolk, Connecticut: New Directions Books, 1941. hhttp://gatsby.cjb.net/The Gatsby Online Researchhhttp://www.novelguides.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/gatsby/Classic Notes OnlineWords/Pages : 2,194/24

Entrepreneurship Successfully Launching New Ventures

Question: Recognize a business thought for another endeavor fire up, and to clarify why you figure your thought would be a significant and practical one to seek after in the commercial center? Answer: Presentation The term enterprise alludes to a procedure of starting another business or other organization that have possibility in the market. The business visionary at first builds up a plan of action that is trailed by accessibility of human and different assets for offering shape to the creative thought of the business person (Barringer and Ireland, 2012). The business visionary is absolutely answerable for the accomplishment also disappointment of the thought or administration. For fruitful execution of the thought or administration, the business person need to experience the achievability issues, for example, target showcase, hierarchical attainability, industry practicality and budgetary possibility for comprehension to what degree the thought will be plausible in the cutting edge advertise pattern (Boulton and Turner, 2005). This task will examine about the procedures of creating thoughts, presentation of new business enterprise thoughts, perceiving the chances, target advertise attainability examination, hierarchical possibility investigation just as natural patterns alongside Porters 5 Force Model. Procedures for producing Ideas It is a typical accept that business visionaries are conceived and can't be made. The business visionary at first has a great deal of thoughts for the business yet additionally need to comprehend the plausibility and open door for producing that thought. A most normal method of producing new thoughts of the business is through conceptualizing (Durvasula and Lysonski, 2010). Here, the gathering head or business visionary offers the thought among a gathering of individuals and gathers criticisms and suppositions in regards to the thought. Once more, the business visionary can talk about the thoughts through center gathering where the individuals included hush up recognizable to the subject. Another way the business person can consider new thoughts is through web and library examine. The web gives a great deal of data with respect to the market patterns and necessities of the clients (Mandel and Virgil, 2011). In this way, in view of the exploration, the business visionary can create th e new thought. Presentation of new thought and perceiving openings In todays occupied world, individuals are getting progressively slanted towards the web and are centered around the employments of various applications in the Smart telephones and I telephones. In this way, for this task, the possibility of an application will be created and talked about to show its market plausibility and incentive in the current and in vogue commercial center (Silva et al. 2012). This application will be intended to the point that it will help the clients in finding the cafés, basic food item shops and emergency clinics of the area where the clients are right now standing. This application will be taking a shot at constant condition and will just require GPS framework and web in the cell phones. This application will be effectively accessible in the essential telephones running on Android and Windows. It tends to be effortlessly utilized on Smartphone and iPhones and gives the addresses of the cafés, emergency clinics and staple shops inside 10 km of the clients standing spot. Also, the activity of this application is simple and is accessible in a few dialects. This thought by the business person is fundamental since the clients when visit another spot then any of the three spots turns into a critical need to them. Abdin (2012) remarked on the way that to abstain from asking others with respect to the addressees and forestalling the odds to get confused by the others or so as to take care of the etymological issue, this application will demonstrate supportive to the clients. This application as indicated by the business person is popular and having such huge numbers of favorable circumstances will positively be effective in the innovative driven market. Practicality Analysis This is basic for the business visionary to comprehend the item and administration that the application will be providing for the clients and the degree of practicability it will have (Cook, 2012). For that, the attainability investigation of the item and administration, target market, association and industry are improved comprehension of the market and the items. Item and Service Feasibility Analysis The business person has thought of propelling an application that will help in looking the about emergency clinics, basic food item shops and cafés. As indicated by Hayton and Cholakova (2011) the functional use of the item should be comprehended by the business person that to what degree the application will demonstrate accommodating to the clients. first of all the application will be accessible about in all the dialects so it will be useful for individuals all around the globe. Besides, the telephones having web association just as GPS framework, can undoubtedly get to this application without problem. Thirdly, the application is of 25 MB and will consume an exceptionally little space in the capacity. Fourthly, it consequently stores the information of the spots once visited and can be gotten to without web during return to making less utilization of web. Also, the application is accessible in Google Play Store and Iphone Play store and can be gotten to and downloaded by all with no issue (Hampden-Turner, 2010). Target Market Feasibility Analysis Baumol (2011) had a view that the business visionary on understanding the importance of the application and its uses, need to comprehend the objective market. The utilizations of tablets and cell phones have now gotten indivisible with the life of the individuals. Presently days, almost every individual is either having a Smartphone or an Iphone, so effectively they can get it in the play stores. It is a pattern in todays market to get in vogue with the cutting edge applications thus clearly this application can locate a renowned situation in the market. Thus, the item will discover its application in the market focusing on immense number of cell phone clients (Ioraitã„â€, 2014). The data that the application is promising its clients will end up being well disposed to the clients. Authoritative Feasibility Analysis This is important to comprehend the proposed business thought will have adequate hierarchical assets, the executives skill and fitness for effective propelling of the application and maintaining its business. Asset Sufficiency The assets are the basic part of any enterprise business. This is on the grounds that, from the view purpose of Levine (2012) for the dispatch of the application, adequate assets, for example, human ability in specialized fields, legal advisor, accomplice aptitudes and objectives, working spot and so on should be examined accurately for the effective running of the business. The executives Prowess For effective running of the business, another achievability that should be broke down is the hierarchical attainability. As per Oncioiu (2012) the proposed field-tested strategy need to have representatives those are straightforward just as persevering alongside great specialized information. The fellow benefactors of the business must modify, helpful and centered towards their business. The administration approaches should be reasonable and legitimately affirmed by the global laws of work (Mutara, 2012). The oversees and the prime supporters of the business need to have immense informal organization associations for creating the thoughts just as distributing the applications in the market. Since, internet based life is an incredible asset of showcasing and distributing the thoughts of new business. Monetary Feasibility Another investigation of attainability that the business visionary needs to comprehend is the money related help and state of the business. Yong and Ho (2006) remarked on the way that budgetary appraisal is a critical part inside the association since it assists with evaluating the position and quality of the firm. In light of the money related condition, the new workers, present day innovations and types of gear are recruited and purchased to the association for the fruitful creation of the application and running it effectively. It must be recollected that not just the expense of creation of the application is fundamental however showcasing and battling cost of this item and administration is additionally similarly significant (Ng, 2012). This monetary appraisal is likewise basic for the association. Through budgetary evaluation, the incomes, deals and benefits of the organization are additionally examined. Industry Feasibility Analysis The business visionary needs to break down the modern practicality factor that incorporates the ecological patterns and business patterns of the item and administration. Abrams (2012) had an assessment that it is basic since the investigation helps in understanding the situation of the contenders just as the Government rules and laws for the better business advancement. Natural Trends It is fundamental for the business visionary to know and have information with respect to the ecological patterns since it helps in understanding the quality, shortcoming, openings and dangers of the association and its rivals. As indicated by the assessment of Gao (2010) the business person needs to comprehend the general condition for adapting up to the current condition and can be all around clarified through Porters 5 Force model. This model aides in understanding the danger of substitutes, risk of new contestants, contentions among the current firms, bartering intensity of providers and haggling intensity of purchasers. The business visionary consistently need to remember the risk of substitute items by the current organization at a low cost and with new and progressively supportive highlights. Barringer and Ireland, (2012) had a view that for this application, if the other organization has a superior substitute application with present day highlights and qualities then unquesti onably it will be a risk to the organization. Besides, the risk of the new participants may likewise be a rising issue to the association. This is on the grounds that; if the other business visionary with a superior thought and better innovation will present another application in the market that will have further developed and included highlights, at that point surely the organization and the business visionary thought will be in a stake. Since, the business person will be new to the market; it ought to have a solid dealing power

The Papacy in Rome Essay - 1925 Words

How and Why the Papacy in Rome Became the Center of Power as it Did (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstitutionDateIntroductionThe institution of papacy has a long history that has lasted for many centuries. The papacy has many supporters and the authority and influence of the pope is respected widely around the world today. In the past, the authority of the church and the pope controlled much of Western Europe and the political and social systems of Western Europe. This paper analyzes the rise of the papal authority in 6th to 9th centuries and the positive and negative impacts of the papal authority across Europe.[Gabriel Kahn, 2005. Papal legacy: In changing world, church faces choice over pope's role; john paul's charisma made up for his lapses as manager; insider or non-european?; leading 1.08 billion faithful. Wall Street Journal, Apr 04. 1-112] How and why the papacy in Rome became the center of power as it didBy the end of the fifth century, Rome was left in a great political vacuum and several Barbarian kingdoms were fighting for ruling power of the onc e great Roman Empire. The Roman culture was made up of two barbarian groups, the Ostogoths and the Lombards. The Ostogoths were displaced from the north of the Black Sea and the Lombards replaced them having being supported by the Byzantines. The Visigoth monarchy that was barbaric before had abandoned the heretic teachings of Arianism and they flourished in Spain. The Visigoth monarchy supporters were known as the defenders of the church. Another group known as the Frankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s that was led by king Clovis wanted to assimilate the old Roman culture rather than abandoning it for the new Merovingian dynasty culture. Sporadic fights and exchange of power among various groups marked the period. During this time of turbulence between the barbaric groups and constant exchange of power among the groups, the papacy took advantage of this situation to establish its power in Rome in the sixth to ninth centuries. The process of spreading the Christian faith in the region that was once und er the Roman Empire needed a safe environment that would not be affected by chaos and wars. The Rural Ireland remained unaffected by the chaos and the exchange of power between the barbaric groups. The first Christian missionary to come to Ireland was Saint Patrick. The magicians met Saint Patrick with opposition and he engaged the magicians in a great magical battle at a region called Tara. Patrick eventually succeeded in the struggle and he converted the King Laoghaire of Ireland and his followers to Christianity. Various monasteries were constructed and they grew rapidly to Celtic lands and many Christians constantly used them in the periods between the fifth and the tenth centuries. The monastery traditions set the standard of Benedictine rule for the mainstream catholic religion. The establishment of monastic tradition by the Benedictines commenced the period that was marked by increased evangelization through the countryside of Ireland and to the entire fallen Roman Empire. Th e evangelization efforts went beyond the old borders of the fallen empire of Rome and converted new members along the way until it reached the Imperial Rome and mingled with papacy that had been established in the days of the strong Roman Empire. Before, the city of Rome had been a very important place for Christians because it was the place where saint peter and Paul were martyred according to the Christian tradition. The early church held the apostles with great respect because they believed that the Christian religion was passed from Jesus Christ to the world through the apostles. The papacy stood untouched as the two barbarian groups fought the Byzantines for control of the Empire. The period was marked by the establishment the five seats of patriarchal authority that were situated in Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch and Constantinople. Most of these seats were located in the eastern half of the empire. Cultural and political distinctions between the eastern and western Ch ristian halves made them to be divided and the Western halve became significant to the west and the eastern half became theologically significant to the eastern Christian dwellers. The most important bishop of the fourth century was Damascus I. He was the first bishop to refer to Rome as the apostolic see and he referred himself as the pontifex maximus. The title was previously reserved for the emperor. Damascus claimed his authority as the bishop of Rome as having come from Jesus Christ. The ideas of Damascus influenced his successor Siricius who obtained the title pope. In the year 495 AD, the people called Gelasius I who was the pope, the Vicar of Christ. The conviction of people about the pope as the Vicar of Christ made the institution of papacy to be founded and the political control of Roman Catholic followed later. The church established its supremacy over all other organizations including political organizations and demanded that all powers subordinate to peterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s rock as the champion for true Christianity. The Emperors of Milan could not govern Rome and the bishops filled the power vacuum with the authority of the church.[Gabriel Kahn, 2005. Papal legacy: In changing world, church faces choice over pope's role; john paul's charisma made up for his lapses as manager; insider or non-european?; leading 1.08 billion faithful. Wall Street Journal, Apr 04. 1-112] [Gabriel Kahn, 2005. Papal legacy: In changing world, church faces choice over pope's role; john paul's charisma made up for his lapses as manager; insider or non-european?; leading 1.08 billion faithful. Wall Street Journal, Apr 04. 1-112] [Bonar Hernà ¡ndez, 2014. REFORMING CATHOLICISM: Papal power in guatemala during the 1920s and 1930s. The Americas 71, no. 2: 255-I.] Factors that contributed to the dominance of the church in Western Europe until reformationSeveral factors contributed significantly to the dominance of the church in Western Europe until the period of reformation. Th ese factors include the urgency to have peace in Europe, the believe of the pope and the bishops as the representatives of God on earth and the contribution of the church in ending poverty and encouraging civilization.[Bonar Hernà ¡ndez, 2014. REFORMING CATHOLICISM: Papal power in guatemala during the 1920s and 1930s. The Americas 71, no. 2: 255-I.] PeaceWestern Europe had been marked by a long history of conflicts between several nations and barbarian kingdoms. The kingdoms fought each other because of the differences in views and beliefs that they held. When the church assumed authority over the political systems in Europe, a period of peace was experienced because the major focus of the church was not war but spreading faith across Europe. The people had a common faith and the church helped to align the beliefs of different people across period making war to be unnecessary. Furthermore, the believers across Europe felt represented by the church.[John Jay Hughes, 2007. The conse nsus of the church and papal infallibility. A study in the background of vatican I. by richard F. costigan. pp. xiii+218. washington, DC: The catholic university of america press, 2006. $54.95. 13 978 0 8132 1413 9; 10 0 8132 1413 0. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 58, no. 1: 171.] Institution of papacy and bishopsThe bishop of Rome was highly regarded as the Vicar of Christ on earth. The bishops of the church were seen as representatives of God on earth and they were highly respected by the people. The respect and high regard that the institution of papacy and church leadership enjoyed led to the dominance of the church over all the other political and social systems in Western Europe.[John Jay Hughes, 2007. The consensus of the church and papal infallibility. A study in the background of vatican I. by richard F. costigan. pp. xiii+218. washington, DC: The catholic university of america press, 2006. $54.95. 13 978 0 8132 1413 9; 10 0 8132 1413 0. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 58, no. 1: 171.] Ending poverty and encouraging civilizationThe church helped to minimize poverty across Europe by encouraging the sharing of financial and other resources with the poor. The church established many monasteries and schools leading to the improvement of the education system across Europe. The improvement of the education system in Europe led to development and the establishment of civilization across Western Europe.[Lawrin Armstrong ,Fichtenau Heinrich 2001. Heretics scholars in the high middle age... The Papacy in Rome Essay - 1925 Words How and Why the Papacy in Rome Became the Center of Power as it Did (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstitutionDateIntroductionThe institution of papacy has a long history that has lasted for many centuries. The papacy has many supporters and the authority and influence of the pope is respected widely around the world today. In the past, the authority of the church and the pope controlled much of Western Europe and the political and social systems of Western Europe. This paper analyzes the rise of the papal authority in 6th to 9th centuries and the positive and negative impacts of the papal authority across Europe.[Gabriel Kahn, 2005. Papal legacy: In changing world, church faces choice over pope's role; john paul's charisma made up for his lapses as manager; insider or non-european?; leading 1.08 billion faithful. Wall Street Journal, Apr 04. 1-112] How and why the papacy in Rome became the center of power as it didBy the end of the fifth century, Rome was left in a great political vacuum and several Barbarian kingdoms were fighting for ruling power of the onc e great Roman Empire. The Roman culture was made up of two barbarian groups, the Ostogoths and the Lombards. The Ostogoths were displaced from the north of the Black Sea and the Lombards replaced them having being supported by the Byzantines. The Visigoth monarchy that was barbaric before had abandoned the heretic teachings of Arianism and they flourished in Spain. The Visigoth monarchy supporters were known as the defenders of the church. Another group known as the Frankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s that was led by king Clovis wanted to assimilate the old Roman culture rather than abandoning it for the new Merovingian dynasty culture. Sporadic fights and exchange of power among various groups marked the period. During this time of turbulence between the barbaric groups and constant exchange of power among the groups, the papacy took advantage of this situation to establish its power in Rome in the sixth to ninth centuries. The process of spreading the Christian faith in the region that was once und er the Roman Empire needed a safe environment that would not be affected by chaos and wars. The Rural Ireland remained unaffected by the chaos and the exchange of power between the barbaric groups. The first Christian missionary to come to Ireland was Saint Patrick. The magicians met Saint Patrick with opposition and he engaged the magicians in a great magical battle at a region called Tara. Patrick eventually succeeded in the struggle and he converted the King Laoghaire of Ireland and his followers to Christianity. Various monasteries were constructed and they grew rapidly to Celtic lands and many Christians constantly used them in the periods between the fifth and the tenth centuries. The monastery traditions set the standard of Benedictine rule for the mainstream catholic religion. The establishment of monastic tradition by the Benedictines commenced the period that was marked by increased evangelization through the countryside of Ireland and to the entire fallen Roman Empire. Th e evangelization efforts went beyond the old borders of the fallen empire of Rome and converted new members along the way until it reached the Imperial Rome and mingled with papacy that had been established in the days of the strong Roman Empire. Before, the city of Rome had been a very important place for Christians because it was the place where saint peter and Paul were martyred according to the Christian tradition. The early church held the apostles with great respect because they believed that the Christian religion was passed from Jesus Christ to the world through the apostles. The papacy stood untouched as the two barbarian groups fought the Byzantines for control of the Empire. The period was marked by the establishment the five seats of patriarchal authority that were situated in Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch and Constantinople. Most of these seats were located in the eastern half of the empire. Cultural and political distinctions between the eastern and western Ch ristian halves made them to be divided and the Western halve became significant to the west and the eastern half became theologically significant to the eastern Christian dwellers. The most important bishop of the fourth century was Damascus I. He was the first bishop to refer to Rome as the apostolic see and he referred himself as the pontifex maximus. The title was previously reserved for the emperor. Damascus claimed his authority as the bishop of Rome as having come from Jesus Christ. The ideas of Damascus influenced his successor Siricius who obtained the title pope. In the year 495 AD, the people called Gelasius I who was the pope, the Vicar of Christ. The conviction of people about the pope as the Vicar of Christ made the institution of papacy to be founded and the political control of Roman Catholic followed later. The church established its supremacy over all other organizations including political organizations and demanded that all powers subordinate to peterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s rock as the champion for true Christianity. The Emperors of Milan could not govern Rome and the bishops filled the power vacuum with the authority of the church.[Gabriel Kahn, 2005. Papal legacy: In changing world, church faces choice over pope's role; john paul's charisma made up for his lapses as manager; insider or non-european?; leading 1.08 billion faithful. Wall Street Journal, Apr 04. 1-112] [Gabriel Kahn, 2005. Papal legacy: In changing world, church faces choice over pope's role; john paul's charisma made up for his lapses as manager; insider or non-european?; leading 1.08 billion faithful. Wall Street Journal, Apr 04. 1-112] [Bonar Hernà ¡ndez, 2014. REFORMING CATHOLICISM: Papal power in guatemala during the 1920s and 1930s. The Americas 71, no. 2: 255-I.] Factors that contributed to the dominance of the church in Western Europe until reformationSeveral factors contributed significantly to the dominance of the church in Western Europe until the period of reformation. Th ese factors include the urgency to have peace in Europe, the believe of the pope and the bishops as the representatives of God on earth and the contribution of the church in ending poverty and encouraging civilization.[Bonar Hernà ¡ndez, 2014. REFORMING CATHOLICISM: Papal power in guatemala during the 1920s and 1930s. The Americas 71, no. 2: 255-I.] PeaceWestern Europe had been marked by a long history of conflicts between several nations and barbarian kingdoms. The kingdoms fought each other because of the differences in views and beliefs that they held. When the church assumed authority over the political systems in Europe, a period of peace was experienced because the major focus of the church was not war but spreading faith across Europe. The people had a common faith and the church helped to align the beliefs of different people across period making war to be unnecessary. Furthermore, the believers across Europe felt represented by the church.[John Jay Hughes, 2007. The conse nsus of the church and papal infallibility. A study in the background of vatican I. by richard F. costigan. pp. xiii+218. washington, DC: The catholic university of america press, 2006. $54.95. 13 978 0 8132 1413 9; 10 0 8132 1413 0. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 58, no. 1: 171.] Institution of papacy and bishopsThe bishop of Rome was highly regarded as the Vicar of Christ on earth. The bishops of the church were seen as representatives of God on earth and they were highly respected by the people. The respect and high regard that the institution of papacy and church leadership enjoyed led to the dominance of the church over all the other political and social systems in Western Europe.[John Jay Hughes, 2007. The consensus of the church and papal infallibility. A study in the background of vatican I. by richard F. costigan. pp. xiii+218. washington, DC: The catholic university of america press, 2006. $54.95. 13 978 0 8132 1413 9; 10 0 8132 1413 0. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 58, no. 1: 171.] Ending poverty and encouraging civilizationThe church helped to minimize poverty across Europe by encouraging the sharing of financial and other resources with the poor. The church established many monasteries and schools leading to the improvement of the education system across Europe. The improvement of the education system in Europe led to development and the establishment of civilization across Western Europe.[Lawrin Armstrong ,Fichtenau Heinrich 2001. Heretics scholars in the high middle age...

Understanding Movies - Free Essay Example

Understanding movies was the most interesting class which I have ever taken. People expect many advantages from taking various classes. Some people want to take a sports class to have fun while other people like a science class to enlarge their knowledge. In my case, I could get both entertainment and knowledge form the movie class. Through the use of a couple of examples and specific explanation, I will demonstrate why I liked the movie class most. First, Understanding movies was enjoyable. School life was always stressful. Whenever I was sick and tired of my major classes such as math, economics and so on, I could relax myself in the movie class. One day, I was so stressed out because I failed a quiz in my math class. But the movie class showed Dead poets society, which gave me a lesson. While I saw some young high school students trying to find the real value of lives, my stress had done away. Movie class entertained me whenever I felt bad during my university days. Second, the movie class allowed me to have much valuable knowledge. In the movies, there are so many kinds of people, history and culture. When I saw the movie, Modern times by Charlie Chaplin, I could learn the situation of the United States in the early nineteenth century. Before I saw the movie, I did not know what exactly happened during The Great Depression in the U. S.. The movie class was one of the best sources of my knowledge. I really loved that movie class not only it was enjoyable but also it enlarged my knowledge. Since I found some advantages of watching movies, I have seen so many films that changed my major to film making. I hope that I can take one more chance to attend a movie class in the Unite States. The movie class was the most exciting class

20 Common Law Internship On-Campus Interview Questions

The on-campus interview (OCI): It has an ominous ring to it, maybe because of horror stories told by other law school students, maybe because of the pressure to do well. Almost all law schools offer some type of on-campus interview at the start of the students second year. Although your entire future may not hang on the success of your OCI, you definitely want to do well enough to proceed to the next step: the callback interview. If you manage that, your future will indeed be brighter.   You can do this, and you can do it well. In fact, you can ace it with the right preparation and if you know what to expect going in. The OCI Despite its name, the OCI may or may not actually take place on campus, but in a hotel conference room or another public facility. Its not with law school personnel, but rather with representatives of some of the foremost law firms in the area—even some outside the area. Theyre looking for the perfect students to staff their summer associate programs. And yes, that will look awesome on your resume even if your interview doesnt ultimately result in a summer  position, which is, of course, your ultimate goal.   Your meetings arent random. You must apply to your targeted firms first, and the firm will most likely receive a lot of bids. The firm then chooses who it wants to interview from among these bids. If youre chosen and if you do well, youll be invited back for that callback interview, which will most likely result in a summer job offer.   What Happens in the Law School Interview? Preparation means knowing what interview questions you can probably expect. Not every interview goes the same way, of course, so you may or may not be asked all the following questions. In a worst-case scenario, you wont be asked any of them. But you should at least have answers prepared for these so youre not caught off guard, and you can use them for ideas to branch out into other possible questions so you can prepare for those, too.   Why did you go to law school?Are you enjoying law school? What do you like/dislike about it?What classes do you enjoy/dislike?Do you feel youre getting a good legal education?If you could go back and decide whether to go to law school again, would you do it?Do you feel your GPA and/or class rank is representative of your legal abilities?Why do you think youd make a good lawyer?What is your biggest weakness?Do you like working on your own or on a team?How do you handle criticism?What is your proudest achievement?Where do you see yourself in 10 years?Do you consider yourself competitive?What have you learned from work experiences/student activities?Have you ever withdrawn from a class?What do you know about this firm?Why do you want to work at this firm?What areas of law interest you most?What types of books do you like to read?Do you have any questions? The last one can be tricky, but you are certainly entitled to ask a few questions of your own, so prepare for that possibility as well.