Monday, December 30, 2019

The Positive Benefits Of Bilingualism - 2077 Words

This paper will touch upon the positive benefits of bilingualism and how it affects children, during their childhood and well into adulthood. In addition this paper will look into the scientific and general advantages of bilingualism through scientific studies on the subject. This paper will also identify some of the pros and cons of growing up bilingual. Specifically to be cognitive flexibility, metalinguistic awareness, communicative sensitivity, attentiveness and combatting dementia. A new research era began into bilingualism after the research of Peal and Lambert in 1962, this was a break through in research, which proved that kids who were bilingual did better at the tasks than those who were monolingual. Prior to this, bilingualism had been thought to cause negative set backs among children. These setbacks include retardation in children and increased confusion in separating both languages at an early stage. Although this theory has been outdated, bilingualism is still known to cause confusion for a short period of time throughout childhood lifespan. Although bilingualism has its pros and cons, there are more pros than cons. Kids who grow up in a bilingual household are known to experience some confusion separating two languages or infants are known to go through a silent stage. In simple tasks as the â€Å"Simon task†, bilingual participants are known to perform better and have faster reaction times. Simon tasks test the individual’s attentive control as well as reactionShow MoreRelatedBilingual Education And Bilingualism1102 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism The United States of America is host to a large population of immigrants from all over the globe. For this reason, bilingual education has been a topic of discussion for decades, as children who have migrated with their families need an adequate education that will allow them to succeed. In order to provide English language learners (ELLs) with the best educational experience, it is important to recognize that bilingual education and bilingualism canRead MoreBilingualism and Multiliteracies in Australia Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will demonstrate the research that is implemented on children with bilingual ability; discussing three main issues in bilingualism which is: the maintaining children’s first language, social and cognitive benefits, also why bilingualism should be in cooperated into school programming/curriculum. Bilingualism can be defined as the ability to speak and/or write in two languages. In Australia English is the main language although in 1996, statistics show that 15% (2.5 million people) ofRead MoreThe Primary Responsibilities Of An Educator1412 Words   |  6 PagesLenguas Nativas. Identity Formation and Cultural Awareness Garcia (2009) suggests that bilingualism leads to social advantages and allows students to become aware of cultural differences. Students in the Lenguas Nativas program can construct their own hybrid culture that enables them to negotiate both cultural systems. De Jong (2011) echoes this sentiment, stating that fostering an environment for a positive identity negotiation is crucial to the academic success of diverse students. Moreover, HamayanRead MoreThe Importance Of Bilingualism And Its Effects On The World1709 Words   |  7 Pagesolder. My old teammates had feelings just like many other Americans in the United States about knowing other languages. In the United States the rate of people speaking two or more languages, bilingualism (2) and multilingualism (multiple), is the lowest in the world (Grosjean 15). When defining bilingualism, I am referencing the ability to communicate, whether it is speaking, writing, reading, or understanding, in another language. Out of the entire United States, close to 17 percent speak more thanRead MoreBilingual Educatio1291 Words   |  6 Pages(Krashen, 2000). They assert that bilingual education cause confusion among children and limit their intelligence capabilities; they argue that real bilinguals cannot combine their language. Advocates of bilingual education present arguments on its benefits, they suggest that, for many children the process of being literate and studying a new language simultaneously is overwhelming and that the bilingual process assist them to develop their native language first which results to a smooth transitionRead MoreBilingualism And Cognitive Development On Children1466 Words   |  6 PagesBilingualism and Cognitive Development Language is important in every children`s everyday life. Children need language to communicate with others and to be able to perceive the world. They need language to read, write, talk with others, listen and understand. Language enables human beings to communicate with others and be part of society. Language is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols. Language involves five systems of rules. The five rules of language are Phonology, syntaxRead Moreintend to expose in their studies how Educational Neuroscience can reshape educational policies and1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfindings implicate a new approach in teaching language and reading in that it shows the impact of bilingual language exposure in children’s ability to achieve linguistic mastery and fluency and reading. Garbing and company proposed that bilingualism has a positive effect on executive controls. Since little is known about the effects of using two languages on an everyday basis; they intended to correlate it to executive functions through task based fMRIs, in which monolingual and bilingual groups wereRead MoreBilingualism And Bilingualism1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States, where English is pre-dominantly used as a single language, a large number of people using non-English languages at home have increased by 140% since 1980. Thus, bilingualism is an extensive cultural, linguistic, and cognitive phenomenon that is extensively carried out in modern society. Bilingualism bridges the understanding of the world around us, communicating with others, promoting the sharing of cultural phenomena. Many bilingual speakers employ more than two language repertoireRead More The Effects of Bilingualism on Language Development Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe effects of bilingualism o n language development in children are examined. Theories suggest that bilingual children are able to learn a second language after the first is mastered. One of the reasons behind this is that the child has already developed the nonverbal concept of the word (because the child is already using it in the primary language), so only the verbal concept must be constructed. It has been shown that balanced bilinguals are more cognitively and linguistically flexible. HoweverRead MoreBilingual Language Within The United States And Its Effect On The Hispanic Population On Language And Traditions1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe increase of immigration in the United States and the influence the Hispanic population on language and traditions are immense. There has been debate for and against English-only language or bilingualism. The issue with language goes beyond immigration issue. The reality is that language discrimination in the work place or even in society have affected the dominant a nd minority group. In addition, the influence on the cultural traditions and celebrations have impacted both groups in several ways

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage - 715 Words

Homosexuality has been with us for a long time, the idea of a man lying with another man - or a woman lying with another woman is even written in the bible. Albeit, not in the most gracious of context. And unbeknownst to us, is we are currently under an ongoing revolution: the legalization of same-sex marriage. However, although many parts of the world have accepted (or tolerated) same-sex marriage, equally many still hold strong prejudice and homophobic views. Let’s start with a little history (wink-wink), homosexuality in the Americas. Prior to European colonization, native-Americans saw homosexuality as a sign of spiritual guidance. It wasn’t so much a right of passage, but it was a role offered to a child - whom would have powers beyond those of ordinary shamans. This belief was quelled by the Spanish, who thought the berdaches needed to be straightened (double entendre, pun-intended), and punished. The Spanish would put berdaches through unbelievable torture which include: burning, public execution, and being torn to pieces by dogs. This isn’t as surprising when you take into account that the Spanish were largely Catholic. Specifically, Roman Catholicism. This all took place during the completion of the Spanish Inquisition - which is basically a war on other people’s faith, and bullying their own onto others. According to Canon Law, homosexuality in all form and manner is a sin punishable by death. In hindsight, it’s almost poetic - the Spanish represent a tragicShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesKaye Shannelle Romuar Alfritz Arevalo Angelika Figueroa Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage I. Introduction Same-sex marriage can also be called gay marriage. This is a marriage between two males or two females, in either a religious setting or in a civil ceremony. Same-sex unions are recorded in the history of a number of cultures but this type of marriage is rare, or doesn’t exist in other cultures .The first law that provided same-sex marriage for the people was in 2001 in the Netherlands. As of JulyRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1594 Words   |  7 PagesWhy The Nationwide Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage Will Greatly Benefit The Economy Same-sex marriage has been a long debated issue in the United States. Since the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage in countries such as Holland, Belgium, and Canada American gay couples have been pushing harder for equal marriage rights under the law. Opponents claim that allowing same-sex unions would not only lead to less stable marriages and higher divorce rates for heterosexual couples, but also precipitateRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage930 Words   |  4 Pagesof legalizing same-sex marriage all across the nation, after years of social, political, and cultural mobilizations of members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and allies. However, this achievement is not an end it itself. Leaders of the marriage equality movement, as well as community members, ask: Now what? This proposed project attempts to provide an answer for this question by looking at the perceived impact of the legalization of same-sex marriage among Black LG BTsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage938 Words   |  4 PagesRights To All Most people believe that they deserve the rights they are granted by the government. A citizen who pays their taxes, serves their community and abides by the law should be afforded the same rights as any American. However, not all citizens are afforded equal rights. Lesbians, gays, bi-sexual, and transgender (LGBT) are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbians couples are denied the right to marry even ifRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage2317 Words   |  10 PagesCavataio PHL 118: Intro to Philosophy 8/14/14 Gary Fuller One of the most heated and debated topics today is the legalization of same-sex marriage. No matter where you look, people are always expressing their opinion on this issue. Politicians, athletes, and celebrities are some of the many people who continually come out with either support or opposition of same-sex marriage. History has shown that issues regarding equality and rights take time to move forward. The women’s suffrage movementRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of same-sex marriage is a hot topic in the U.S. approving, it in all fifty states can be harmful to the country. Same-sex marriage should not have been legalized in the United States. First, legalizing can be harmful to the society, Second, same-sex marriage it always denies a child a father or a mother, Third, legalizing It Offends some religions and violates tradition. In addition, It means all citizens should have understood of the consequences before maki ng the decision. OneRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1411 Words   |  6 PagesNikta Kalatari Writing Assignment #1 The proposead legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive political questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the history of AmericanRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1294 Words   |  6 Pages The Legalization of Homosexual Marriage Brandon Taylor Wichita State University Gay marriage, also known as homosexual or same-sex marriage, has been a major topic in our country ever since it was allowed in Massachusetts whenever the state’s Supreme Court ruled the ban as unconstitutional. It was legalized in thirty seven of the fifty states before the Supreme Court’s ruling on June 26, 2015 that it was unconstitutional to deny marriage to a same sex couple (ProCon.org, 2015). The Merriam-WebsterRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriages1390 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Same Sex Marriages As a Muslim, in my opinion same sex marriage is not right and same sex marriage should not be legalized. Out of this statement comes the question: what is the purpose and meaning of marriage. Can we ever explain marriage in the context of a bond between two males or two females. Can this relationship be called a â€Å"Marriage†? Whether we disguise this relationship with the label of marriage, does it become accepted into society as a real marriage? Or are we foolingRead MoreThe Legalization of Same Sex Marriage 1623 Words   |  6 Pageshow the citizens value their morals. An every day American would think that being with the same sex is not normal, or is frowned upon. Recent studies show that half of all Americans believe that gay men and lesbians have a constitutional right to marry (Craighill). Same-sex marriage has caused many conflicts around the country and even the world with multiple stand points. World views on same-sex marriage are changing day to day. â€Å"Of the 15 countries worldwide to permit gay men and lesbians to marry

Friday, December 13, 2019

Sustainable architecture for sustainable future Free Essays

Sustainable Architecture for a Sustainable Future Our environment today suffers from many issues. The most important one from a constructor’s point of view would be the resources depletion problem. Freshwater resources are declining, the soil is loosing its fertility, and there is a crucial shortage in basic minerals such as zinc, copper, and phosphorus. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable architecture for sustainable future or any similar topic only for you Order Now These deficiencies would definitely lead to a slowdown in construction growth. According to Reran Named (2012) construction is the less sustainable business in the world because it uses around 50% of all non- renewable resources (8). Therefore, in order to be able to keep growing in construction, architects and contractors must change their approach, which would mean that they have to adopt a more CEO-friendly vision in terms of architecture; â€Å"Green building†. The term is now frequently used by newspapers, online articles, or even on TV, but what does it really mean? In Building Green in Pennsylvania, a green building is described as â€Å"one whose construction and lifetime of operation assure the healthiest possible environment while representing the most efficient and least disruptive use of land, water, energy and resources†(l). An example of this type of buildings would be The Change Initiative (TIC) in Dublin, a flagship store where one can shop for green materials. The building is platinum certified by LED, a non-profit organization dedicated to promote green buildings worldwide. TIC produces 40% of its own energy requirement, the water is reused, and almost all materials used inside are submitted for recycling. After having been exposed to all of the positive impacts of sustainable architecture, one must surely consider green building as the definite future of construction. The first and main reason for using a Green strategy in construction would be to rooter the environment. Buildings and the Environment: A Statistical Summary shows that, in 2005, 38. 9% of the energy in the US is consumed by constructions, with residential buildings consuming more than the half of this percentage. The study also concludes that the electricity consumption of commercial and residential buildings in the states was 72% of its total electricity consumption in 2006. (2). This massive electricity consumption meaner more energy consumption, which leads to more emissions by fossil fuels which are known for causing acid rain, smog, and many other environmental issues. Green buildings address these countless problems by making use of daylight and solar power that help reduce electricity consumption. Another green building strategy is rainwater recycling which help conserve potable water and increase the amount of saved water. The construction business has its share in causing pollution, but climate change would be the last idea to occur to one’s mind as being a problem caused by construction. Brown, M. A. , Southward, F. (2006) point out that greenhouse gas (Sighs) emission is one of the primary causes of climate change, and one of the least-cost approaches to reduce it is energy-efficient instruction (1). Buildings are responsible for 43% of the CA emission, and for an average of 8% of other Eggs (4). A sustainable building would address these emissions by integrating some of the latest technologies; Green buildings use advanced techniques such as reflective roof products, low-E coating for windows, using materials from demolished buildings, and natural heating and air-conditioning, and Brown, M. A. , Southward, F (2006) assert that these ecological strategies can reduce energy consumption and Sighs emissions by 30 to 40% (12). Another reason or benefit of building green is because sustainable constructions have a positive influence on humans’ health. Pollution is one of the main causes of sicknesses and diseases, since sustainable architecture tends to avoid the use of polluting materials, it indirectly contributes in making the human health better. From a general approach, Sings, A. , Seal, M. , Grady, S. C. And Korma, S. (2010) present a survey in which they ask people about their health before and after moving to a green building. The preliminary studies based on the surveys conducted show that green buildings have eventually improved health and well-being (p. 6). In addition, Cats G. 2013) believes in The costs and financial benefits of green buildings that improving the quality of the environment in which a person uses information positively affects his health b y lowering stress and therefore leads to longer lives. Sustainable constructions take into account the occupants’ health and restrain their use of materials that can harm it in any way, while taking advantage of natural resources (6). Productivity is also a factor influenced by green buildings. In Effects of green buildings on employee health and productivity, Sings, A. , Seal, M. , Grady, S. C. , and Korma, S. 2010) confirm â€Å"The improvement in perceived productivity were fairly substantial and could result in an additional 38. 98 work hours per year for each occupant of a green building†(6). Green thinking pushes architects to include more daylight in order to save electricity, and to use self-heating/cooling systems that would work on solar power. In his report The costs and financial benefits of green buildings, G. Cats (2013) explains:† Increases in tenant control over ventilation, temperature and lighting each provide measured benefits from 0. 5% up to 34%, with average measured workforce productivity gains of 7. % with lighting control, 1. 8% with ventilation control, and 1. 2% with thermal control. Additionally, significant measured improvements have been found with increased daylight. (6) According to these statements assessed by professionals, it is clear that green buildings affect productivity rates in a positive way by making workers more comfortable and therefore enhancing their creativity and inventiveness. G. Cats (2013) stresses in The costs and financial benefits of green buildings on the importance of the quality of benefits that workers receive in their workplace, which will eventually attract the best employees. Environmentally friendly design seems perfect to some, but others may consider its flaws. The most common concern about green buildings is the lack of information about how much it costs. Due to the use of many unknown techniques and strategies that are unheard of to build green, a misconception made its way through the minds of many that sustainable buildings cost much more than traditional ones. Cats G. (2003) states in Green building costs and financial benefits that the average cost of a green building is lower than what people believe (8). Not only do green buildings cost less than expected, but they pay back for themselves ever the years. Cats G. (2013) discusses that the financial advantages of green buildings are more important than traditional ones’. The financial benefits of green buildings come from water saving and re-using, less need for energy, therefore less costs. These savings are over than 10 times the additional cost of these buildings (8). In addition, the property value increases due to the fact that green buildings need less maintenance and economies energy. From an economic point of view, sustainable constructions positively affect sales rates; A study accomplished by HEDGEHOGS MAHONEY GROUP has found that â€Å"Skylights were found to be positively and significantly correlated to higher sales. All other things being equal, an average non-skylight store in the chain would likely have 40% higher sales with the addition of skylights, with a probable range between 31% and 49%. â€Å"(as cited in Green building benefits (Para 12)) . Nature has always been the human race’s mentor since the earliest of ages. Michael Pawl, a modern environmental architect, made an important point in a lecture he gave at TED in 2010:†life could learn to make things ND do things the way nature does, we could achieve factor 10, factor 100, maybe even factor 1,000 savings in resource and energy use†. The world has been surviving for over 4 billion years. In order for the humanity to do the same, it’s up to the architects to take action and encourage this project that can save what’s left of our polluted planet. It’s about time to stop violating our planet that has suffered enough of human greed which has caused many tragedies such as deforestation, green fields and pure water sources pollution, rise of sea levels, and many more. It’s about time to tart thinking about the new generations, by building them sustainable constructions that would improve the inside and outside environment. Besides reducing gas emissions, conserving water, and reducing waste, building Green has its economic benefits: Money wasted for producing energy and water would now be spared, not to mention the increase in the value of the building, the high productivity rates, and the sales improvement. How to cite Sustainable architecture for sustainable future, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children Essay Example For Students

Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children Essay The Effects of Parental Alcoholism on ChildrenUntil rather recently, the impact of alcoholism wasmeasured by its effect on the alcoholic, by days lost fromwork and highway fatalities. New research, however, hastended to concentrate on the impact of alcoholism on thefamily, especially the children of alcoholics. Numerousstudies have reported on the familial transmission ofalcoholism. It has been shown that alcoholics have morebiological relatives with an alcohol problem than dononalcoholic. Furthermore, these people have a higherprobability for developing alcoholism earlier in theirlives; and experiencing more severe effects of alcoholismThere are in the vicinity of twenty million childrenunder eighteen years of age whom are growing up inhouseholds where one or both parents are alcoholic, in theUnited States alone. These children are the unwillingvictims of a disease which generally is the center of theirchildhood existence, and therefore shapes their personalityand behavior as adults . Because of the familial nature ofalcoholism children have been identified to be of high riskfor developing this illness (Merikangas p.199). Unlesssomething is done to break the patterns initiated duringchildhood, a significant percentage, (between 50%-60%), ofthose who dont become alcoholics themselves will marry analcoholic upon reaching maturity, thereby continuing thecycle of abuse and depression. Studies of the developmentof drinking behavior recognize the formation of sociallyappropriate rules about the use of alcohol and the role ofthe parent behaviors and attitudes in determining drinkingpatterns (Wilks Callan p.326). In addition, Clusteringof depression, alcoholism and antisocial personality withinfamilies has been frequently observed (Merikangas p.199). Alcoholism is a disease of denial, that is, those sufferingfrom it often refuse to admit they are affected by it. Alcoholics with a long history of family alcoholism havemore sever symptoms and more social problems, versu s thosefamilies without a history of family alcoholism. Parents insuch a situation tend to insist to their children that theiralcoholic symptoms are neither serious nor permanent innature. Many alcoholics authentically believe that theiralcoholism is hidden. This is further complicated by thefact that problem drinking is in part a function of thedefinition of oneself as deficient and the concept ofalcohol as useful for altering the definition of oneselfConsequently, the children of alcoholic parents areconfronted with various dilemmas. First, the child sees hisparents drinking in excess, while simultaneously denyingthe fact. Second, the child further observes thepersonality of his parents significantly alter after thealcohol has taken effect, confusing the child to greaterextent, (i.e. which is my real dad?- from the childspoint of view). In order to cope with the family situation,the child of an alcoholic parent generally learns to goalong with the conspiracy of denial and silence. Although, generally the pattern of secrecy which permitsthis to occur ultimately has affect on the childs futureUnfortunately, the impact on children from familieswith an alcoholic parent is both enduring and direct. Forinstance, these children tend to drop out of schoolvoluntarily in large numbers than any other group ofchildren thus far studied in this correlation, (i.e.,duration of voluntary schooling). This has been especiallythe situation with affected male children of alcoholicparents. It has been reported that family history positivemen with alcoholism have had significantly more suspensionsfrom school, poorer academic and social performance inschool, and more premilitary antisocial behavior(Cutter As previously stated, these children, (those withalcoholic parents), also have a greater incidence ofproblems with alcohol and substance abuse themselves, inlater life. This condition, in turn, leads to a greaterrisk of developing not only emotional problems but physicalproblems, as well. These problems range from the inabilityto establish rewarding long-term relationships to difficultyfacing reality, traceable to early familial experiences. .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 , .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .postImageUrl , .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 , .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:hover , .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:visited , .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:active { border:0!important; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:active , .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92 .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u515c495221eaa8549ccf46469981fd92:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Secret Life Of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd Essay In many ways, childhood is abbreviated for childrenwhose parents are alcoholics. They learn to parcel outfeelings to avoid upsetting the alcoholic parent or to avoidbeing held responsible for triggering a bout of parentaldrinking. The manner in which the child relates andresponds is too often determined by the state of thealcoholic, which can be rather unpredictable. The entirefamily is, in fact, engaged in a struggle to control anAs a result, the methods utilized by affected childrento cope with their parents alcoholism initiates a varietyof behavior which inevitably proceeds into adulthood. Therelated problems of behavior and adaptation often are notdistinguishable for ten or twenty years. Even in maturity,these individuals tend to be unable to trust their ownperceptions or feelings. Often, they continue to deny,(just as their parents had), that anything is wrong. Adult children of alcoholics often doubt theirinability to control both themselves and theirrelationships. Most recent data suggests that concordancefor alcoholism in parents is a potent risk factor for thedevelopment of antisocial personality-conduct disorder inchildren(Merikangas p.203). Due to the fact that theirlives were in concurrent states of turmoil and confusionwhen they were children, they often believe that the mereexpression of commonplace and normal emotions (i.e. anger,joy) indicates that they lack control. The manner of coping as children permits affectedindividuals to survive as adults in a seemingly normalfashion, for quite a while. However, crises begin generallyin their to late twenties. Very often, these adults do notrelate their problems to having grown up with an alcoholicparent. They become depressed and dissatisfied with life,without understanding why. They lack an appropriateperspective of normal behavior and have no concept of theirpower to alter this situation because the people who wheresupposed to be responsible for them as children, (theirparents), were not. Therefore, the adult child of analcoholic has difficulty in identifying needs and/orexpressing feelings. They also have substantial fearsregarding proper responses and social behaviors which dateIn the end alcoholism is a very serious disease whichmust not be taken lightly. It is a legal vice that whenused, or abused can cause irreparable damage. Alcoholismeffects many people and the families of those people, bothBib liography:Works CitedCutter, Henry S. T.J. OFarrel. Relationship BetweenReasons for Drinking Customary Behavior. Journal ofStudies on Alcohol, Volume 45, #4, July 1992, pp. 321-325. Jones-Saumty, Deborah, Psychological Factors of familialAlcoholism in American Indians Caucasians. Journalof Clinical Psychology, Volume 39, #5 September 1989,pp.783-790. Merikangas, Kathleen R., Depressives with SecondaryAlcoholism: Psychiatric Disorders in Offspring. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Volume 46, #3 May 1994,pp. 193-204. Wilks, Jeffery V.J. Callan, Similarity of UniversityStudents Their Parents Attitudes Toward Alcohol. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Volume 45, #4 July 1997,pp.326-333.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Lonesome Dove free essay sample

The story starts out simple and slow but this is how McMurtry draws you in; there’s no busy plot just a small glimpse into the incredible connection between people surviving in the beautiful, grandiose territory of the South. I became emotionally attached from the very start and as I continued reading the layers of the story unfolded revealing a deep array of emotions intertwined into a lesson of love, regret and fear. The only thing that made the book an even better read was watching the mini-series. A person cannot fathom the long distance travelled on any cattle drive without having travelled a long distance themselves. This past Christmas holiday I took my first road trip out of the state with my two daughters. We traveled to Alamogordo, New Mexico and it took me nine hours just to get out of Texas and only thirty minutes to get to my final destination in New Mexico. We will write a custom essay sample on Lonesome Dove or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The expansive drive gave me a great appreciation for the distance travelled by the endearing men of Lonesome Dove and that was with me driving at 80mph, I cannot imagine riding a horse or walking only a few miles a day. The distance also amplifies the aching desperation felt when anyone travelled from one place to another especially in Texas. You saw it in Red River when John Wayne leaves the drive right in the beginning. You also feel it when Jubal Quimper leaves to take care of business up north. The sentimental wave of emotion felt by Gus as he looks around Lonesome Dove before leaving on the trail is another good example of this fear of never returning; the film best captured this moment. I’m sure if I was heading to New Mexico by horse and/or foot I’d be filled with the fear and apprehension of never returning as well. When comparing the movie to the book, I’m surprised that the film was as the book’s depiction. I find that refreshing and appealing since in many instances the film adaptation of a book can become a whole new story. The Lonesome Dove series took the actual storyline, setting and characters from the book enhancing them so the audience was able to identify with the author’s vision. Of course as with any film adaptation there were a few scenes shortened and some parts were even cut out completely. In the series two characters I missed were Wilbarger the traveler most amused by Gus and Louisa the lonely farm woman who tries to keep Roscoe on as her husband but in retrospect I can understand why they were left out of the film. The ending disappointed me the most, especially the death of Gus my favorite character. At first I couldn’t quite understand his last wish of wanting to be buried in Texas when he could be buried near Clara on her land. Even more baffling was Cal’s determination to carry out his request; I was just as upset as Clara at the idea of Cal taking Gus’s corpse all the way to Texas from Montana. The gesture itself I could identify with but with regard to the danger and distance of the trip it seemed to me that Gus could not have been in his right mind when he made that request. Look at how many people were buried along the driveSean O’Brien, Roscoe Brown, Joe Allen, Janey, Jake Spoon and Deets. I’m sure they would have all liked to have been buried in a special place but their circumstances would not allow for that. Watching the film gave me a different perspective and a better understanding of the relationship between Cal and Gus. The ending although still upsetting was full of compassion and after visibly watching the scene where Gus passes away, I began to change my mind about his burial. There was so much unsaid between the two friends but the light banter spoke volumes. Even more heart wrenching was Cal’s conflicted heart over taking Gus home. The scene of the film where Clara gets angry with Cal shows it all. You can see how Clara’s words impacts Cal and his resigned look of emotion shows me that he agrees with her speech. His breakdown begins there at Clara’s ranch and he uses the trip to Texas as a way to grieve for his friend. By the time he buries Gus, Cal seems to realize where he made his mistakes in life with first Maggie and then with Newt. Captain Cal Woodrow will not confess his regrets but he seems resigned to accept there are things he should have done differently. Reading more about Larry McMurtry and his life also shed light on the way the ending unfolded. I was surprised to read that his previous books were more contemporary and that he viewed the frontier as being over romanticized. According to one article McMurtry thought he had written an anti-Western; one that focused on the intricate, urban truth of the real West. When I take into account McMurtry’s true intent along with the loosely based depiction of Oliver Loving and Charles Goodnight true life adventure, I can identify with his choice on how it ends. Gus’s request to be buried in Texas is one of the details taken from the real account of Goodnight-Loving trail drive but with the addition of Clara to the fictional story that request made less sense. In the end what saved it all for me was the film because when Cal suggests to Gus that he be buried on Clara’s ranch, Gus tells Cal he doesn’t want to be buried near Clara’s husband and that is understandable. When writing Lonesome Dove, McMurtry was attempting to capture a true depiction of the West without the romantic undertone I mentioned earlier. I now understand completely what he was attempting. The book is romantic but only because the characters are human and have the desire to be loved; don’t we all? It’s the raw, harsh, downfalls that make the reader indentify with McMurtry’s vision, for instance the water moccasin attack on young Sean, or the cold-blooded outlaws that Jake gets involved with, or Elmira the desperate woman who risks her life and abandons both of her children in search of a man. Let us not forget the abduction of Lorena and the graphic details of her captivity along with the murder of Roscoe, Janey and little Joe. These depictions are upsetting and not in any way romantic but again what readers fell in love with is the land, the heartache and characters themselves. Again McMurtry’s story is simple but full of substance brought on by these characters; none of them are insignificant and they are all given a larger than life persona. Again my favorite character was Augustus McCrae. If I had to travel for months on the open range of Texas I cannot think of anyone I’d like to keep me company more than Gus. This is a cowboy that is not afraid to live his life; who is not afraid to show his heart and speak his mind. He loves laughter and living just like his feminine counterpart—Clara; from the first chapter I was charmed by Gus’s charisma and sarcastic nature. You could tell visually wasn’t as handsome as Cal but he would have had no problem charming me into a poke. He’s the type of man who can make a woman feel special and make a man feel like he’s missing out on something important in life. I was afraid that Robert Duvall’s portrayal of Gus would not live up to my expectations but he embodied that role perfectly. His caring nature mixed in with his fiery attitude made me feel excited to watch every scene he was in. The most memorable characteristic of Gus is his fearlessness; his carefree approach to life finally caught up with him in the scene where he initiates a buffalo chase over a ridge not knowing or caring what awaits. All the characters of Lonesome Dove were accurately cast in my opinion but the one that was most dynamic was Cal. Tommy Lee Jones always does a great job of acting without using a lot of words and that’s exactly the kind of man Cal was; a man of few words. Cal’s character in the book did not play out as deep as Gus’s character but in the film he exceeded the part. I felt more connected to the Cal in the film that his character in the book. Another scene that brought tears to my eyes (along with many of the others) was the interaction between father and son, where Cal gives Newt his watch but cannot quite bring himself to tell him he’s his father. The exchange is touching and I was relieved that in the film Newt gets the message. They both know who they were to one another and it is acted out in a realistic way since men are not know for how well they express themselves verbally. Angelica Huston and Rick Schroder were among my other favorites in the mini-series. There is not another woman I can imagine as Clara; she was sturdy yet feminine, strong-willed yet patient and she possessed the attitude of a man with the class of a woman. The excitement and love she displayed at seeing Gus again made her appear young and carefree but the tenderness she showed Newt showed she is still a loving mother. As for Rick Schroder, I did not think he would be able to put across a convincing performance as Newt but he proved me wrong. On film Newt’s naive and insecure demeanor was ever present in his dialogue and body language especially when he was forced to interact with Cal. By the end of the film he has grown into his skin and is maturing into a confident, skilled cattleman; making his father proud. The other characters were also represented as accurately as I imagined but I think a lot of that stems from the dedication and enthusiasm of the actors. At the time of filming in Austin there was a sense of euphoria and historic wistfulness among the cast and crew in anticipation of being a part of such an epic project. In an article covering the 20th anniversary of Lonesome Dove, Tommy Lee Jones is quoted as saying, â€Å"Everybody that worked on the film cared a great deal about the authenticity of it. They felt it was mainly their responsibility to do the right by the book. † The passion these actors invested into bringing McMurtry’s novel to life is apparent in the finished product; this is ironic compared to the author’s view of his now classic novel. It is clear that Larry McMurtry was not whole heartedly devoted to his work on Lonesome Dove nor was he prepared for the impact it made to readers, historians and Hollywood.

Monday, November 25, 2019

TV and Advertising Paper Essays

TV and Advertising Paper Essays TV and Advertising Paper Essay TV and Advertising Paper Essay TV and Advertising Paper Discussion 1 The television program How I met your mother is aired at 8.00 PM on CBS station. This is a thirty minutes comedy show. The recurring characters in the program are Josh Radnor as Ted, Jason Segel as Marshall, Alyson Hannigan as Lily, Cobie Smulders as Robin and Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson. How I Met your mother season six, episode nineteen features a theme called â€Å"legendaddy.† Barney’s father is featured. Jerry, Barney’s father is remarkably different from Barney. He does not order the same drink as Barney nor complement Barney’s tie. Barney makes his friends believe that his father is an older version of him. However, when his father visits, Barney’s friends realize that the father is the opposite of the â€Å"legendaddy† version that Barney told them. The other characters mock each other on how they pronounce certain words. Ted is ridiculed for pronouncing chameleon with a â€Å"ch† sound. Robin, on the other hand, does not have knowledge on the existence of the North Pole. Lily is ridiculed for having poor aim and Marshall’s way of dealing with his father’s death is mocked. However, they all conclude that Barney’s situation is funnier than theirs is. The target audiences for this episode are people who have a problem with accepting their parents. This episode passes a message that children should accept their parents as they are and not make their friends believe lies about their parents. Barney lied about his father to his friends in order to make his friends believe his father was no different from him. However, when the friends met the father, he was a different person from the description. This episode targets those with the same characters in order to advise them against such characters. The target market for the program is ideal for my product because most of the youths engage in sports activities. Because of this, they need to have the strength to perform well in these sport activities. The youths need the concentration, alertness and energy provided by the zest energy drink. They are the best target audience for the advertisement since the adults rarely engage in the sporting activities. In addition, most of them have some diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes that limit them from consuming the energy drinks. This is because the energy drinks have a lot of caffeine. The young people are also not a good audience since it is not advisable for them to take caffeinated products. Therefore, advertising this product during the how I met your mother program is the best option since the program targets the youth, who are the best target audience for the advertisement.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Financial accounting, management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial accounting, management - Essay Example 2. The role of Financial Accounting is to provide financial information to people outside the organization. Managerial accounting, on the other hand, furnishes financial information relevant for the executives and administrators within the organization. The two mentioned disciplines are focused mainly on compiling and reporting the financial information, while Finance is concerned on managing money and other monetary instruments. Accounting lays down the historical account of financial transactions while finance is more concerned on improving the future financial transactions of a firm. 3. A balance sheet provides a picture of a firm's financial position at a given time. It elaborates the financial position of the firm as being shown by its properties (assets) and what it owes (liabilities and net worth) in a given moment. It actually shows the potentials and the weaknesses that a business has and can also identify business trends particularly on its receivables and payables (Balance Sheets 2003). Each of the accounting convention has different views in accounting for the entries made in the balance sheet.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Mohammed Ail Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mohammed Ail - Research Paper Example He rose to fame even outside the boxing ring for his outspoken and brave behavior. When the government demanded of him to join the military in 1957 to fight in Vietnam he refused citing religious reasons. He said that he cannot fight until and unless it is justified through religious teachings. The US government did not recognize this excuse and arrested him for draft evasion charges. The American public shifted their perception about Ali after his conviction (Ezra, 2009). People turned sympathetic towards him and saw him as an inspiration. Due to this incident, he could not professionally box for four years at the prime time of his career. Later Ali’s appeal worked its way to the Supreme Court. He won the case in his favor. His court victory made him an icon for a generation that would reject forceful inclusion in the military or any action against their will. Finally in 1971 he returned to the ring. He won the world heavyweight championship title three times; 1964, 1974 and 1978. His career as a boxing legend involves historical matches with boxing greats like George Foreman and Joe Frazier. Muhammad Ali rose above his sport after mastering it (Remnick, 2011). Ali brought the game of boxing to a whole new level. With his charismatic personality, his sheer power in the ring and his butterfly movements he became an icon for the sports of boxing. Ali is an entertainer when it comes to interviews and TV shows. He is an outspoken personality and would love to talk about issues other than boxing. He was the first African-American athlete who would shout his pride of being from the black race. He stood firm against the white establishment. Ali was kept under surveillance by the FBI, and received the same treatment as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X (Remnick, 2011). He lived a high-profile life and move the masses. Ali was born in Louisville Kentucky. His father Cassius Marcellus Clay

Monday, November 18, 2019

Aristotle on akrasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aristotle on akrasia - Essay Example Therefore, making a study or close analysis of the position taken by the great master of philosophy on reasoning and understanding by a novice in the deep and vast ocean of philosophy would be particularly remarkable. In such an endeavour, in this study, a judicious presumption of the position of Aristotle on the question of akresia is arrived at in this paper through a scrupulous discussion of the possible conclusions of the Greek master. Therefore, asked about his position on akresia, provided with two statements, â€Å"akrasia is a familiar everyday phenomenon† and â€Å"akrasia is impossible - whenever we act we are doing what we think best in the circumstances, all things considered; doing what we personally think best, deep down, as distinct from what other people preach at us or nag us about,† Aristotle would hold the estimation that both the statements are true of fact. It is mainly because of the great master’s concern to maintain the firm denial of akre sia with common sense’s affirmation of its possibility and regularity as practiced by Socrates. To go beyond these possible conclusions of Aristotle, it may be maintained that an exploration of the question why people act wrongly even when they know they should not be, which is a relevant topic for discussion even in the current period, makes it clear that the account of Aristotle, at some moment when dealing with the idea of incontinence, is obscure. It is mainly due to the fact that the teachings of Aristotle are not preserved well enough, rather than in Spartan lecture notes. An example of such an inconsistency may be examined as follows. It can be safely stated that the position of akrasia gaudily exhibits what happens if an amalgamation of moral education is not accomplished. The match between appetite and correct behaviour, in an incontinent person, has not been

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watt’s Book, The Rise of T

Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watt’s Book, The Rise of The Novel The eighteenth century novel was one that changed the way novels were written in many different ways. In reading Ian Watt's book, "The Rise of The Novel," quite a few things were brought to my attention concerning the eighteenth century novel; not only in how it was written and what went into it, but how readers perceived it. This essay will look into Ian Watt's perceptions on the eighteenth century novel and how it changed from previous literature. Coming out of the Renaissance and Jacobean ages, the novel was characterized by "realism", with the term "novel" not really being used until the end of the eighteenth century. This realism was not defined like we would define realism today (defined by Webster as an interest or concern for the actual or real), but instead is grounded in the position that "truth can be discovered by the individual through his senses." (12) Instead of conforming to traditional practice (such as the classical and renaissance epic based on history and fables), the novel focused more on the individual where "the pursuit of truth is conceived of as a wholly individual matter, logically independent of the tradition of past thought." (13) By rejecting traditional plots the novel distinguished itself out from any other previous form of literature, making individual experience the replacement for collective tradition. Many other things apart from plot were changed for the novel to fully show this new take on reality. Now the plot was acted out by "particular people in particular circumstances" (15) rather than, as in the past, by general people against a pre-determined background by appropriate literary convention. The nove... ...hough much of the literature was religious oriented, there was a great surge towards secular reading by the public of which the booksellers became largely responsible as they sought to increase their pay. The eighteenth century was definitely a time of massive change for literature. Not only had the way of writing been drastically altered, but the amount of reading done by the public altered as well, bringing about a resurgence of reading, not only in the upper classes, but also in the all the classes. Though lacking in some areas, plot not being least, the novel revolutionized the eighteenth century and brought about a new way of thinking. By today's standards, it might not seem like much was done, but in the history of things, the eighteenth century novel is probably one of the biggest things to ever happen to the progression of literature throughout the years. Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watt’s Book, The Rise of T Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watt’s Book, The Rise of The Novel The eighteenth century novel was one that changed the way novels were written in many different ways. In reading Ian Watt's book, "The Rise of The Novel," quite a few things were brought to my attention concerning the eighteenth century novel; not only in how it was written and what went into it, but how readers perceived it. This essay will look into Ian Watt's perceptions on the eighteenth century novel and how it changed from previous literature. Coming out of the Renaissance and Jacobean ages, the novel was characterized by "realism", with the term "novel" not really being used until the end of the eighteenth century. This realism was not defined like we would define realism today (defined by Webster as an interest or concern for the actual or real), but instead is grounded in the position that "truth can be discovered by the individual through his senses." (12) Instead of conforming to traditional practice (such as the classical and renaissance epic based on history and fables), the novel focused more on the individual where "the pursuit of truth is conceived of as a wholly individual matter, logically independent of the tradition of past thought." (13) By rejecting traditional plots the novel distinguished itself out from any other previous form of literature, making individual experience the replacement for collective tradition. Many other things apart from plot were changed for the novel to fully show this new take on reality. Now the plot was acted out by "particular people in particular circumstances" (15) rather than, as in the past, by general people against a pre-determined background by appropriate literary convention. The nove... ...hough much of the literature was religious oriented, there was a great surge towards secular reading by the public of which the booksellers became largely responsible as they sought to increase their pay. The eighteenth century was definitely a time of massive change for literature. Not only had the way of writing been drastically altered, but the amount of reading done by the public altered as well, bringing about a resurgence of reading, not only in the upper classes, but also in the all the classes. Though lacking in some areas, plot not being least, the novel revolutionized the eighteenth century and brought about a new way of thinking. By today's standards, it might not seem like much was done, but in the history of things, the eighteenth century novel is probably one of the biggest things to ever happen to the progression of literature throughout the years.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Disadvantages of Monopoly Essay

†¢ Higher prices and lower output Monopolies often mean that prices will be higher and output lower than is the case for an industry where competition prevails. Firms in one industry are producing under conditions of perfect competition, while the other firm is operating under conditions of monopoly. The costs of production are the same for each industry. †¢ Excess profits High profits made by the monopolist are not necessarily an indication of efficient methods of production. The monopolist may, in fact, be using its market power to raise prices above marginal costs in order to increase its revenues. †¢ Higher costs and x-inefficiencies Under competition, firms strive to minimize their inputs to produce a given level of output. Firms do not necessarily have to produce at the minimum efficient scale to be technically efficient, as long as they produce at the lowest costs for their given scale of output. Firms which produce on the average cost curve are technically efficient or x-efficient. In other words, they produce at the lowest cost possible given their respective sizes. Competition normally implies that firms will be x-efficient. However, if firms are insulated from competition, as is the case for monopoly, then there is less incentive to minimize costs. Firms may instead adopt ‘expense preference’ behavior by investing in activities to maximize the satisfaction of senior managers, at the subsequent sacrifice of profitability. †¢ Price discrimination Monopolists as sole suppliers can discriminate between different groups of customers (based on their respective elasticity’s of demand) separated into different geographic or product segments. A monopolist can practice price discrimination in several ways: †¢ First-degree price discrimination. Often referred to as perfect price discrimination, this involves the monopolist charging each customer what he or she is willing to pay for a given product. By doing this the monopolist can increase revenue and erode any consumer surplus which consumers might enjoy. †¢ Second-degree price discrimination. The monopolist charges customers different prices based on their usage. In other words, consumers might be charged a high price for initial usage, but lower prices for subsequent units consumed. This type of pricing has been used in industries such as electricity, gas, water and telephony. †¢ Third-degree price discrimination. In this case, the monopolist separates customers into markets based on different demand elasticity’s. Customers with inelastic demand are charged higher prices than those with elastic demand. †¢ Restrictive practices Monopolists often use unfair practices to keep potential rivals out of the market. Even if rivals are successful in entering the market, the monopolist may choose to eliminate these firms by various restrictive price and non-price strategies such as predatory pricing and vertical restraints. †¢ Limited technical progress Some evidence suggests that technical progress is often slow when a single firm or group of firms dominates an industry. As they face no real competitive pressures, monopolists are under no real pressure to spend any abnormal profits earned on research and development of new product and processes, which is often seen as a risky investment. Consequently, technical progress in these industries is likely to be slow. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/economics-homework-help/

Friday, November 8, 2019

How a Computer Virus Works essays

How a Computer Virus Works essays Anyone who has ever used a computer has more than likely run into some sort of problem. In some cases these problems are caused by what is known as a computer virus. When we hear the word virus, we usually think of some thing that makes us sick. If you have ever had a virus on your PC, you probably find the name virus quite appropriate. Believe it or not, a virus is just another type of software. They are what some call malicious software. Viruses are miniature programs that duplicate themselves and attach their replicas to other programs and documents. So where do viruses come from? Some people enjoy painting on paper and others enjoy painting on public and private structures. What does this have to do with computer viruses you ask? Just like graffiti is a destructive way for artists to show of their artistic talent, viruses are a destructive way for computer programmers to show of theirs. In order for a virus to take its malicious course, it first has to enter your computer. Because sharing of information is one of the many benefits of computers, this is easy. The entry of a virus into a PC is called the invasion. The virus is usually introduced through network adapter cards and disk drives. Viruses are usually disguised as e-mails or attachments. We download them from the internet (network adapter cards); they attach themselves to other programs and documents. We pass them to other PCs through hard disks, floppy disks, compact disks, Zip disks, and Jazz disks (disk drives). Even though the virus is in the computer, it does not begin its destruction until action is taken in the spot where the virus is located. Lets assume the virus is attached to an e-mail attachment. You would first have to open the attachment for the virus to become active. If the virus is on a floppy disk, simply accessing the drive is enough. Once this occurs the virus installs itself in the computers memory. ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

An Analysis of the Conclusion to Wuthering Heights Essay Example

An Analysis of the Conclusion to Wuthering Heights Essay Example An Analysis of the Conclusion to Wuthering Heights Paper An Analysis of the Conclusion to Wuthering Heights Paper Essay Topic: Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights Conclusion As we learned in class from the group presentation, the purpose of gothic literature is to evoke emotions of terror and horror, as well as break social norms. Typical image and imagery include specters, ghosts, and demons, along with dim lighting or eerie settings. Themes of gothic literature include uncertainty and the examination of the nature of power, law, society, family and sexuality that usually build to a great climax. Wuthering Heights is a great example of all of those aspects, but unlike most Gothic romances, I do not think that Wuthering Heights builds to an intense and violent climax before its ending. Instead, I think the tension in the novel unfolds as the inner conflict within Heathcliff slowly dissolves, as his love for Catherine lessens his longing for revenge on his dead oppressors children. Although the novels happy ending is not possible until Heathcliffs death, his authority becomes less threatening in the days that precede his death. As time passes, Heathcliff becomes increasingly bsessed with his dead love Catherine, and finds constant reminders of her everywhere he turns. He begins conversing with her ghost, and, after his climactic night on the moors he is overcome with a sudden sense of cheer, and he has a happy premonition of his own impending death. This part of the novel makes me very suspicious about what occurred at the moors to cause Heathcliffs change of attitude. The text frequently compares Heathcliff to the Devil, but he does not believe in Hell. His forced education of religion as a child caused him to deny the existence of Heaven, and his lack of religious beliefs seemed to cause him not fear death. I think death for Heathcliff symbolizes one thing: the beginning of his reunion with Catherine. I think the thought of this reunion with Catherine even sparks excitement for Heathcliff, which gives him the happy premonition of death. I think the marriage between Cathy and Hareton, symbolizes the start of a new life and the end of depression and disparity in the novel. I also think the marriage symbolizes the ower love has to overcome hardships and prevail. The marriage between Cathy and Hareton leading to a happy ending is also foreshadowing of the idea that had Catherine and Heathcliff been allowed to marry, the violence and revenge seen in the second half of the novel may not have occurred. I think that the reunion of Catherine and Heathcliffs ghosts is a fitting piece to the happy ending of the novel, demonstrating again that true love prevails, for better or for worse. An Analysis of the Conclusion to Wuthering Heights By Bmpegram

Monday, November 4, 2019

Final examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final examination - Essay Example The constitution, which was written by a group consisting various professionals ranging from teachers, lawyers, representatives, and other professionals, is the supreme law of the land that provides the country with a room to exercise a high sense of patriotism among US citizens with the constitution acting as an art of compromise (Vile 4). Importantly, the country has passed various legislation and ratified various treaties overtime that strengths the country’s governance structures and provide various rights to the citizens of the country. With regard to treaties, the most important treaty signed by the  US  is known as the Paris Treaty. In fact, this is the is the very document that ensured that we have the modern day USA since the treaty with the Great Britain, under the then leadership of King George III ended the Revolutionary War with the USA being recognized as an independent state by Europe and no longer a colony of the British (Ledson). Most importantly, the trea ty was achieved after various American statesmen - popularly known as the Founding Fathers - and included Benjamin Franklin and John Adams (USA's second president) engaged the British in the treaty some scholars describe as â€Å"exceedingly generous† to the USA with regard to the country’s territorial boundaries (Paterson, Clifford, and Maddock 20). Concerning the country’s political system, the country has experienced and continues to experience a vibrant political scene with various issues shaping policies adopted by various political parties. Most importantly, the two main political parties that control the direction of politics in the country are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Consequently, the country’s political support is almost divided down the middle with followers of the Republican Party known as Republicans while their Democratic Party counterparts are called the Democrats. Amongst the Republicans, Abraham Lincoln is the most r ecognized individual and party member due to the sweeping changes he brought to the country. As president, Lincoln adopted an abolitionists’ approach to ending slavery with his actions being against the Conservative wing of the Republican Party that adopted an anti-slavery stance (Foner, "The Fiery Trial" 86). This stance has endeared Lincoln to the American public making him one of the most revered leaders since he went against his party line. One of his major contributions was his opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1845 that sought to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 that restricted slavery with the Act of 1845 providing powers to local settlers, instead of Congress, to determine the enactment of slavery in new states (Foner, "The Fiery Trial† 88). It is instructive to point out that President Lincoln set the agenda for abolishing slavery with his opposition to laws that entrenched slavery in the country, which highly contributed to his assassination. To d rive his anti-slavery agenda, Lincoln used the provision in the country’s constitution that provide for the equality of all men before the supreme law, which was against what the president defined as Republicanism Principles (Foner, "The Fiery Trial" 86). The culture of the United States is as diverse as its history and its people. In fact, the country draws its success from the diversity in the

Friday, November 1, 2019

Managing conflicts on colleges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing conflicts on colleges - Research Paper Example There emerged many cases of strikes in schools, may it be based on the administration part or the faculty part, the end game is not so entertaining. These conflicts have led to destruction of mass properties belonging to the public. There are also losses of lives among the participants and non-participants who may be the public. The causes of these conflicts have changing over the times. The main causes not being known in order to make better speculations and prevention matters. In trying to identify these problems their causes and the possible measures and their protection measures, I will go through the different divisions (Bowden, 2002). I will go through these divisions of the institutions and make a report that may assist in preventing and solving the conflicts. Residence halls conflicts These are the dwelling places of the students they may include, the dormitories, hostels, and the rental houses rented by the students, which are near the school. In the residence halls, there are minimal cases of conflicts, but the moment they arise, it is so severe. Conflicts in these areas arise mainly from the context of student placing and securing rooms for themselves. There are certain halls and rooms where the students find suitable and comfortable. Because of this the students scramble for this placements where they may even fight in order for one to secure a place there. In the case of securing rooms, every student in the colleges knows it is his/her right to have a room. Once the vice versa happens and a group of students do not secure themselves one they start demonstrations. The cases in the resident’s halls may be overlooked before it is too late in order to prevent the mass destructions from taking places. These measures may include specifying in writings and ev ery student made aware of their respective placements in the dormitories and the hostels (Patent Report, 1998).). The catering departments in the college may for example give the specifications on the rooms allocated to the first

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Alfred Hitchocks Influence on the Moviemaking Essay

Alfred Hitchocks Influence on the Moviemaking - Essay Example Hitchock Alfred is one of the movie directors who have established a successful profession in the industry. He has produced a number of movies that have attracted serious popularities.His superb skills in the movie production are highly appreciated As a director, Hitchock has greatly transformed the movie making industry. He has substantially affected other film producers and his impact is evident in various present productions (Guilbaut 165). Earlier in his vocation, Hitchock worked in a German firm when the movie industry in German was promising. However, the financial challenges undermined producers from releasing quality films that could effectively challenge productions from Hollywood. To counter this condition, the producers in the Germany introduced exaggerated scenes to enhance expressions and emphasize ideas in their films (Guilbaut 195). The idea realized a positive attitude among the viewers and later this idea become very popular in Germany. This acted as the trial test f or Hitchock hence in his career at Hollywood; he sturdily believed that incorporation of the idea into American industry would be a lucrative venture. Afterward in his career, Hitchock secured a contract with the Hollywood industry. However, Hitchock’s earlier incidences in the German firm had introduced him to a style of expressionism. This style utilizes lavish sets integrating creativity, non-real and illogical scenarios which clash with the geometrical idea. This provided a cheap approach of presenting ideas in the films. These movies were irrational and horrific (Kova?cs 273). Initially, the Hollywood shows were cool and used realistic presentations. However, impacts such that propagated by Hitchock’s ideas have crept slowly into the industry and presently the industry presents a multivalent model. Hollywood producers had maintained a typical action adventure and passionate themes. However, with the influence of expressionists like Hitchock, basic themes propagate d by the group such as insanity and betrayal have navigated into the sector. Hitchock’s style has exerted a considerable impact on the movie-making industry. Extreme manifestation of the idea was so unsound hence was not encouraged by many. The viewers could dismiss the films as imaginary and illusion based productions. Therefore, the idea of extreme expressionism did not blend well with the industry’s concept and associated with rebellions. However, expressionists did not ditch the ideal instead, they minimized on exposure degrees. Incorporation of the ideas started to appear in the industry as from 1920s where minor exaggerations revisited the film industry for enhancements. Notably, Hitchock secured a contract with a London based industry in the year 1920, proving his probable influence. Hitchock background developed him a feeling that, the expressionism idea was a great mind. Therefore, at Hollywood Hitchock integrated some facets of the idea in his productions. Ac cording to Guilbaut (17), moments are identifiable where Hitchock has staged expressionist productions based on his stand and against his employer’s terms. Fortunately, Hitchock’s idea realized a welcoming response in the American market. Indeed, most of his productions that followed had some little expressionism ideas incorporated in them. A suitable example of the Director’s style is evident in the film like Psycho & Vertigo. Scenes of exaggerated shadows and irrational camera views are present in the film (Packer 173). Additionally, the film design has bases of expressionism concepts. The producer has acknowledged the incorporation of his German learnt skills in his films. The influence extended later in his productions through visual testing. For instance, his 1960s productions like The Birds, & Marnie utilizes the style extensively. Hitchock’s work has provided platform on which other directors have emerged and strongly advocated for the virtues in t he film making industry. His

Monday, October 28, 2019

The link between motivation and organizational performance Essay Example for Free

The link between motivation and organizational performance Essay Citing example from the Palm Toy tutorial case study, and with reference to academic literature, discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to my understanding of work motivation and evaluate critically the extent to the link between motivation and organizational performance. Work motivation is an ensemble of internal and external forces which could initialize the work behavior, determining its direction,form, intensity and duration which is concerned with positive incentives and avoid negative incentives in the workplace (Pinder 2008). There are an array of theories that were put forward by organizational scholars. For instance, Maslow’s Need-based theories which focus on fulfilling employees’ needs, Vroom’s Expectancy theory which is related to the function of individual’ expectation, Herzberg’s TWO-FACTOR theory which is known as Motivation-hygiene theory and Adams’ Equity theory which demonstrates the relationship between equity and motivation (Hellriegel 2004). Additionally, the correlation between motivation and organizational performance has always been an unresolved discussion. Research shows that motivation is related to individual performance which directly affect the outcomes of companies and can be influenced positively or negatively (Micle 2009). While on the other hand, other researchers have suggested that there is negligible relationship between motivation and organizational performance(Bolton 2005). Taking the example of the Palm Toy tutorial case study, this essay firstly illustrates intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors in terms of work motivation, then focuses on the close relationship between motivation and organizational performance. There are a variety of factors which contribute to comprehend work motivation. This paper divides factors into two parts- intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. First of all, with regard to internal aspects, in the case of the Palm Toy company, workers are motivated at a high level when they have access to provide their suggestions and make plans by themselves.To be precise, employees tend to show more initiative and possess self value achievement which is the highest level of Maslow’ hierarchy of needs(Maslow 1943). Then, based on the Expectancy theory studied by Victor H. Vroom in 1964, it can be understood that if workers  harbor the idea that they have competence to finish their work objectives they will perform effectively with high motivation because they know that there is high probability to achieve the goal (Bandura 1986). That is to say, workers in Palm company decide the speed of belt according to their expectancy and valence so that they work with enthusiasm and as a result, production increased. Moreover, turning to the external factors, firstly, working conditions are a significant aspect. Precisely, working conditions are closely bound up with job satisfaction,when people work in a comfortable working environment they are willing to contribute more (Babic and Bakotic 2013). For example, according to tutorial case after buying fans the sense of happiness of workers boosted, consequently, employees were motivated with satisfaction. By contrast, according to the theory by Herzberg in 1968, working conditions,as hygiene and contextual factor, should be attended to as a way of minimizing job dissatisfaction instead of increasing satisfaction (Rusu 2013). Meanwhile, equity should be considered as an indispensable part of motivation (Traupmann 1978). Based on the Adams Equity theory, it can be seen that employees strive for fairness and justice by comparing adequate rewards and the compensation for their contributive inputs (Kinicki and Kreitner 2001). And workers are inclined to be motivated working in a fair circumstance by a sense of equity otherwise they tend to become anxious (Kinicki and Kreitner 2001). To be precise , as it is mentioned in Palm Toy company ,workers in other plants may feel unfair because of different earnings which can be regarded as negative inequity. In conclusion, work motivation contains intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors which can help me understand it. As to the correlation between motivation and organizational performance. Performance is linked to motivation. Research shows that performance = motivation * ability which presents that performance is affected by motivation and ability (Norman and Clifford 1974). Meanwhile, ability is generally fixed so that motivation would play an important role to performance. In other words, there is a positive correlation between performance and motivation. However, there are a large number of other crucial variables which have an impact on the outputs, weakening the influence from motivation. For instance, task design, technology,  environment factors and other social factors(Kinicki and Kreitner 2001). In addition, based on the Goal setting theory studied in 1968 by Locke, it can be understood that setting a reasonable and appropriate goal facilitates individuals in focusing their efforts in a specified direction efficiently and consequently intensifying the organizational productivity. Preci sely, motivation will be generated when goals are acceptable and individuals tend to make more efforts to achieve the goals. Furthermore, research shows that 90% of field studies and laboratory involving challenging and specific goals lead to high performance and productivity ( Locke and Shaw 1981). By contrast, anxiety would be presented when employees are confronted by a high degree of challenging and difficult goals or the equivalents. In other words, although individuals work with a high level of motivation high performance could still not be guaranteed (Kleinbeck 1900). Moreover, payment could be regarded as an essential motivation which could lead to high performance (Heneman 1988). That is to say, workers are willing to contribute more as a result of monetary incentives which are regulated in a complete payment system. Conversely, studies shows that paying an worker too much may have adverse effects on their work performance. As a matter of fact they tend to generate less output than fairly paid employees (Sundheim 2013). To recapitulate, motivation is closely bound up with organizational performance. In conclusion, need of self-actualization, employees’ expectancy,working conditions and equity in the workplace contribute to a relatively profound and deep understanding of work motivation which could be divided into external factors and internal factors. Then, even though there are some other variables(task design, technology, environment factors and other social factors) which would affect the influence of motivation (Kinicki and Kreitner 2001), the performance formula (performance = motivation * ability), the goal-setting theory and payment system could support that there is a strong link between motivation and organizational performance. In the future, taking good advantages of the correlation between motivation and organizational performance effectively, organization productivity would be enhanced significantly. Reference: Pinder, C. 2008. Work motivation in organizational behavior . New York: Psychology Press. Hellriegel,D. 2004. Organizational Behavior. London: Thomson. Micle,M. 2009. Organizational climate,progress factor in motivation-performance relationship. Bucharest: Romanian Academy Publishing House. Bolton, S. 2005. Emotion Management in the Workplace. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Maslow,A. 1943. A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review [Online] Available at: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm [ Accessed: August 2000]. Bandura, A. 1986. Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Bakotic, D and Babic, T. 2013. Relationship between Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Social Science 4(2), pp 206-213. Rusu,G.2013. Human resource motivation: an organizational performance perspective,Phd Thesis, Technical University of Iasi. Traupmann,J. 1978. A longitudinal study go equity in in timate relationships. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin. Kinicki, A. and Kreitner, R. 2001. Organizational Behavior. New York: Mc Graw Hill. Norman, A. and Clifford,A. 1974. Performance=Motivation*Ability: An integration-theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology [Online] Alailable at: http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuyid=1975-07303-001 [Accessed: November 1974]. Locke, E. and Shaw,K. 1981. Goal Setting and Task Performance. Psychological Bulletin. [Online] Available at: http://datause.cse.ucla.edu/DOCS/eal_goa_1981.pdf [ Accessed: 29 September 1981]. Kleinbeck,U.1990.Work motivation. Hillsdale:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Heneman, R.1988. The relationship between pay-for-performance perceptions and pay satisfaction. PhD thesis, The Ohio State University. Sundheim,K. 2013. What Really Motivates Employees? [Online].Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensundheim/2013/11/26/what-really-motivates-employees/ [Accessed: 26 November 2013].

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Comparing Christian Liberty, Utopia, and The Prince Essay examples --

Christian Liberty, Utopia, and The Prince    "A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none...A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant to all, subject to none." (Luther Pg. 7) These lines show what Luther is truly about. In Christian Liberty, Luther believes in the reestablishing of God as the inner authority. In Utopia, Thomas More believes the power should be in one group and that the rest of the common people in the society should all be equal like a communist society. In The Prince, Machievelli believes that the power is within the prince. I choose Christian Liberty as the best form of authority because it is the closest to being an honest and true way of authority. Although none of the books portray ideal authority, Christian Liberty is the closest to describing the best authority out of the three because of the emphasis on a moral society with less corruption, a reformation in the people's spiritual selves and less concentration of wealth in the hands of the religious hierarchy in society so t hat it would become more of an egalitarian society. In Christian Liberty, Martin Luther portrays the corruption in the church and in the government and explains how this could all be solved with the reformation of the spirit self being ruled by God as an all-powerful force. "Therefore we must also preach the word of grace and the promise of forgiveness by which faith is taught and aroused. Without this word of grace the works of the law, contrition, penitence, and all the rest are done and taught in vain." (Luther page 27). In this quote Luther says that you need to have a spiritual relationship in order to repent for your sins and to do good works otherwise your good works mean nothing t... ...g of the scriptures and writings of God. Martin Luther with his system of authority based around a personal understanding of The Bible is better then The Prince who uses the rule of the one and Utopia's rule of the few. Works Cited: Jones, W. T. Masters of Political Thought. Ed. Edward, McChesner, and Sait. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947. Luther, Martin "Martin Luther's Treatise on Christian Liberty [Freedom of a Christian]." Christian Liberty. Trans. W. A. Lambert. Fortress Press, 1957. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Hill Thompson. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1980. More, Sir Thomas. Utopia: A New Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism. Ed. and trans. Robert M. Adams. Toronto: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1988. Nelson, William, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Utopia. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Victor Frankenstein Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mary Shelley

The break of dawn the sun is shining, over the horizon and the heart is slowly letting in the sunlight. As the sunlight penetrates, through the soul, sun paves a way to joy, peace, and a happy life. As human beings, one thrives to succeed in life, one thrives to come to the point where we may look upon one’s life and remember all the superior times we owned, one thrives to be someone, someone great, and one thrives to accomplish this with our own ability. In further analogy, Willy yearned to succeed as so did Biff, Frankenstein, and the creature Frankenstein had created. To look upon one’s life without any regrets is a hard task to accomplish. In the same way, the characters mentioned are all uniquely different but yet the same in purpose: trying to succeed. The main character of Frankenstein and Death of a Salesman seize similar qualities; yearning to succeed in life, acquire a unique relationship with another key figure in the plot line, and possessing the qualities o f a tragic hero. Generally, Victor Frankenstein experiences a peaceful childhood in Switzerland, Victor Frankenstein experiences an idyllic childhood in Switzerland; surrounded by a loving family and accompanied by his cousin Elizabeth. Victor is fascinated by all of the books he reads about science. After the death of his mother, his first murderous experience was when he attended the University of Germany where he applied his newfound knowledge and created a human being, (a.k.a the monster) of enormous size and strength. When his creation becomes awakens Frankenstein, is so horrified by his creation that he falls into an illness, lasting for months. While he is still sick, the creature leads himself into the woods and deliberately does what his brainpower appr... ...ero. The possession of the tragic flaw ultimately defines them as modern tragic heroes. The main character of Frankenstein and Death of a Salesman possess similar qualities; longing to achieve something at life, acquire an exclusive relationship with another key figure in the plot line, and possessing the persona of a tragic hero. The main characters both create a purpose for their life that they do not ultimately follow through. Victor is on the pursuit to find his creature. On the other hand, Willy is trying to live out the American Dream through wrongs means of doing so. They both have a key relationship in the story: Frankenstein is to the creature as Willy is to Biff. Willy and Frankenstein both are classified as tragic heroes because they both possess a tragic flaw. Willy covets the wrong dream, as opposed to Victor who is over-reaching to create life.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Future Trend of Crisis Intervention Essay

Future Trend of Crisis Intervention in the Human Services Delivery System In the United States Human Service profession continues to expand yearly. Despites the yearly gross for this profession many people still strive to continue to succeed in this profession. It is unfortunate that sadly human service workers are the first to become victims of budget cuts and layoffs because of low funds. This paper will focus on the trend of human service, the practice of crisis intervention in human services, challenges likely by the trends as a result of the impact and how human service workers should deal with these trends. Purpose of Crisis Intervention Crisis intervention is mainly important for those who have been in some type of crisis. Those who have experienced emotional, mental, and physiological distress are among those who make use of crisis intervention methods. Normally a person who experiences crisis intervention cannot function normally, need help coping and not capable of solving problems by him or herself. Kidnapping, sexual assault, criminal victimizations are several crises that people face. One of the main issues that human services face today is meeting the needs of people. Crisis intervention has evolved into a human service subspecialty to help people who cannot afford high costs for mental health issues. Crisis intervention core goal is to help decrease victim’s reaction to a crisis that may be behavioral, mental, and physical. It helps victims return to their normal selves by removing ineffective coping skills. Some of these are substance abuse, alcohol abuse, aloofness, and a host of others. Often time’s people recover from their crisis by speaking about what occurred and other lifetime achievements. It depends on the individual to determine the time frame that its takes a person to seek help after a crisis. Crisis intervention program can take place in a hospital, clinics, mental health centers, and other social service agencies. Unfortunate it is not appropriate for people suffering long-standing problems.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

How Much Is College Tuition Average Costs

How Much Is College Tuition Average Costs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Tuition is one of the biggest (if not the biggest) costs associated with attending college. Because of this, it’s important to know exactly how much of your money will be going towards this expense. In this article, I’ll explain exactly what’s included in this â€Å"tuition† line item on your college bill. Then, I’ll get into some of the nitty-gritty details, like: What isn’t included with tuition Average college tuition cost and the wide range of possible tuition prices Ways to pay less for college tuition Read on to learn more! What's the Average College Tuition Cost? So, tuition prices vary from school to school. Sometimes tuition prices will even vary within a certain school depending on your program or state residency. With that being said, here are average college tuition fee prices (2014-2015): $31,231 at private colleges $9,139 for state residents at public colleges $22,958 for non-state residents at public colleges As you can see, there’s a lot of variation in the prices of tuition based on the type of school you attend. These average amounts are helpful of course - they tell you what typical costs to expect - but we can also look at extreme prices at both ends of the spectrum. The Cheapest College Tuition Prices Some schools offer tuition prices that are significantly lower than the averages listed above. Schools that offer such low prices usually fall into one of two categories: They’re public schools that receive large subsidies from local governments so that they can charge students less They’re private schools that have made it their mission to offer low-cost educations The lowest tuition price I could find was $660 per semester at Dine College, in Arizona. There are many other schools that are very inexpensive, however. The average cost of attendance on this list of low-cost schools came to only $6,077 per year. The Most Expensive College Tuition Prices Some schools offer tuition prices that are, frankly, intimidatingly expensive. Schools that come with such a hefty sticker price generally fit one or more of the following criteria: They’re private schools, which means that tuition is not subsidized by any local or state governments. They’re elite, competitive schools with high operating costs. They'resmall liberal arts colleges. The highest tuition price I could find was $52,320 per year at Vassar College, in New York. There are a lot of other schools that are close to this price range, though. This list of the most expensive colleges in the US might give you a better idea of how common it is to charge such high prices. One caveat about these high prices, however: the same schools that charge so much for tuition often offer some really generous financial aid. Just because a college or university has a very high sticker price (also known as Cost of Attendance) doesn’t mean that students actually pay the full sticker price. The more financial aid a student gets, the lower her Net Price, which is the amount she actually has to pay to attend a school. The Net Price includes all expenses - not just tuition - but it’s an important number to consider because it’s more relevant when it comes to your budgeting concerns. What Does College TuitionInclude? Most of the time, when people say â€Å"tuition† they really mean â€Å"tuition and fees† - these costs are generally lumped together into one sum. So what does tuition money actually pay for? Well, tuition is considered the core of your college bill. It’s the fee that you pay for taking academic courses, and it may be calculated per semester (i.e. a flat rate) or per credit. Your tuition helps cover things like instructor pay, facility maintenance, and administrative costs. The â€Å"fees† that are usually lumped in with tuition may vary from school to school. Fees are generally pretty small when compared to the cost of tuition alone. They’re billed to students in order to cover extra services that are required to run a functioning school. Some common fees include: Lab fees - cover extra equipment and supplies required for lab courses Library fees - cover expenses associated with library resources and materials, which can be quite expensive Registration fees - help cover administrative expenses associated with enrolling and registering students each semester Student organization, activity, or services fees- used to support different student organizations, clubs, sports, activities, or even visiting academics Technology fees - used to cover expenses associated with providing technological equipment, programs, and support on campus Parking fees - common at schools where students commute, they help to cover maintenance of parking areas Health fees - cover health and counseling services provided to students Sometimes, students feel that they should not have to pay for particular fees if they know they won’t take advantage of certain services or resources. As unfair as that may seem, schools tend to make most fees mandatory for all students - if they didn’t, they wouldn’t be able to properly budget for those expenses. That being said, it couldn’t hurt to talk to the student billing office if you don’t think you should pay for a particular fee (i.e. if you’re charged a parking fee but you don’t drive to school). Fees: Annoying add-ons that cover pretty important services (like the library that you need to do well in your classes.) Tuition and Fees: Reals Here, I'll go through a couple of examples of tuition and fee breakdowns at real schools. This way, you'll be able to see exactly where students' money is going. Example #1: Arizona State University College of Liberal Arts Sciences, Full-Time In-StateStudent An in-state college student at ASU would be responsible for the following tuition and fees before any financial aid funds were applied: Description Annual Amount Resident Tuition $9,484 Resident Surcharge $320 Financial Aid Trust Fee $94 Recreation Fee $50 Technology Fee $100 Student Programs Fee $50 Health and Wellness Fee $80 Student Service Facility Fee $150 Student Athletics Fee $150 Total Tuition and Fees $10,478 As you can see, the bulk of the annual cost goes towards tuition. The total fee amount comes to $994. Keep in mind that these expenses don't include things like room, board, and transportation. Example #2: Boston University Full-Time Student Boston University doesn't supply quite as detailed of a breakdown when it comes to tuition and fee costs. Here's what a full-time student would be responsible for at BU before any financial aid was applied: Description Annual Amount Tuition $47,422 Fees $1,014 Total Tuition and Fees $48,436 A lot more expensive than ASU, right?The major difference here is that ASU is a public school whereas BU is private. To learn more about why these sticker prices are so high, read our guide explaining why college has gotten so expensive. Although BU might come with a pretty high sticker price, that doesn't mean the average student pays $48,436 every year for tuition and fees. At schools like BU, students' average Net Price (what studentsactually pay) tends to be much lower. For more info on sticker price versus Net Price, check out our guide to college costs. WhatIsn't Included With Tuition? Tuition is a big part of your college expenses, but it isn’t the only part. Depending on where you decide to go to school, you could have to budget for some other significant costs. The most important expenses not included with tuition include: Room - This covers rent or housing, whether you’re living on-campus or off (this is usually combined with board if you live on-campus). Board - Board amounts to your food expenses, either in the form of a meal plan (if you eat on-campus) or grocery/restaurant bills if you buy your own food. Transportation - This includes the costs associated with traveling back and forth from campus. Transportation may just be daily travel (if you commute to school), but it also may include transport to and from campus for holidays and breaks. Textbooks - Textbooks are notoriously expensive - you’re responsible for getting your hands on these required materials for your classes each semester. Personal expenses - Presumably, you’ll spend some money on yourself each semester. Personal expenses include things like hygiene items, laundry, clothing, and entertainment. These costs vary pretty widely depending on a lot of factors, including the type of school you go to (public versus private), where you go to school (in-state versus out-of-state), and your own personal choices (e.g. living at home versus living on campus). To get more information about what these expenses come to, and what you can do to minimize them, check out our complete guide to college costs. How Do You Pay Less for Tuition? These tuition prices might have you a little freaked out at the moment, but don’t panic yet! Published tuition prices aren’t necessarily what students actually pay to attend a school - like I mentioned; your Net Price is more important than the published sticker prices. There aren't any fire sales or flash discounts when it comes to college tuition, but there are ways to save money. So how canyou pay less for tuition and get your Net Price down to a reasonable amount? Here are your options: Go to a School With Cheap Tuition Costs This is perhaps the most obvious strategy - you can get your tuition costs down by applying to schools where tuition is already low. It’s easy to get information about a school’s tuition cost- itshould be outlined on every school'sfinancial aid or admissions website. You can start looking for inexpensive schools by checking out this list of the least expensive schools in the US. Before you get started, however; you should be prepared for the drawbacks that come with this strategy.There isn't necessarily great selection when it comes to schools with cheap tuition rates - you might only find public schools that offer lower prices for residents or schools that aren't particularly prestigious. Apply for Financial Aid Financial aid can bring down your costs no matter where you end up -if you submit the right application, that is. Anyone can apply for federal student aid with the FAFSA, the applicationfor the biggest source of student financial aid in the US. Many colleges and universities use the FAFSA to award their own financial aid funds. For more information, check out our step-by-step guide to applying for financial aid. Attend an In-State Public School Most of the time, public schools offer subsidized tuition at very good prices to in-state residents. These prices tend to be much less expensive than prices offered to out-of-state residents. If you’re interested in any schools close to home, you may be able to save even more money on room and board by living with family instead of payingexpensive rent costs. Attend a School With a Generous Financial Aid Program I’ve already mentioned that some of the most expensive schools in the country also offer some of the most generousfinancial aid in the country. If your grades and test scores are competitive, and you’re accepted to a school that offers strong aid, much (if not all) of your financial need may be covered by the school itself. You should check out schools that cover 100% of financial need and schools that have the best overall financial aid programs. Come across a school that you're interested in? You can instantly estimate your chances of admission. Just google â€Å"PrepScholar [school name] admissions† to visit our interactive admissions page. What's Next? You've just processed a lot of information about tuition costs and how to lower them. If you want even more strategies for decreasing your costs, keep reading! Scholarships are a great way to get funding for tuition, fees, room, board, textbooks, anything you use for college, really. To get your hands on scholarship money, check out our guides to top scholarships for high school juniors and seniors.You might also be interested in top minority scholarships available to high school students. Don't have a lot of time on your hands? Submit these very easy scholarship applications. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: